Table 1.

Characteristics of the NCI and non-NCI groups (n = 102).

Characteristics	NCI group (n = 67)	Non-NCI group (n = 35)	P-values
Demographics
Sex, n (%)
Male	55 (82.1)	25 (71.4)	0.186
Female	12 (17.9)	10 (29.4)
Age, years, (mean ± SD)	54.6 ± 9.7	55.3 ± 9.3	0.708
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)	23.2 ± 3.0	22.9 ± 2.6	0.679
Education, n (%)
≤Primary school	49 (70.0)	20 (49.0)	0.297
Middle school	13 (19.4)	11 (31.4)
≥High school	5 (7.5)	4 (8.6)
Current smoker, n (%)
Yes	35 (52.2%)	13 (37.1%)	0.107
No	32 (47.8%)	22 (62.9%)
Current alcohol use, n (%)
Yes	26 (38.8%)	14 (40.0%)	0.956
No	41 (61.2%)	21 (60.0%)
HIV-related characteristics
Time since HIV diagnosis, years, (median, IQR)	5.2 (3.8, 8.2)	4.8 (3.2, 7.5)	0.782
Duration on cART, years (median, IQR)	4.3 (3.7, 6.3)	4.0 (2.9, 7.6)	0.578
Sexual preference (homosexual, %)	14 (20.9%)	9 (25.7%)	0.554
Current CD4 count, cells/μl (mean ± SD)	414.9 ± 194.9	472.2 ± 230.5	0.215
Clinical symptom
Hypertension	32 (47.7%)	15 (42.8%)	0.572
History of diabetes	6 (9.0%)	2 (5.7%)	0.569
Depressive symptoms	27 (40.3%)	13 (37.1%)	0.759
Insomnia symptoms	13 (19.4%)	5 (14.3%)	0.510
Frailty symptoms	18 (26.9%)	10 (28.6%)	0.858
Laboratory biomarkers
HDL (median, IQR)	1.2 (0.9, 1.5)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	0.736
LDL (median, IQR)  CHOL (median, IQR)	2.3 (1.8, 2.9) 4.7 (3.9, 5.4)	2.5 (2.1, 3.0) 4.5 (3.9, 4.9)	0.401 0.242
TG (median, IQR)	2.0 (1.2, 3.2)	1.7 (1.0, 3.0)	0.371
Left CIMT (median, IQR)	1.1 (0.7, 1.4)	0.9 (0.8, 1.0)	0.017*
Right CIMT (median, IQR)	1.2 (0.8, 1.2)	0·9 (0.8, 1.0)	0.008**
Carotid plaques, n (%)
Yes	36 (53.7%)	9 (25.7%)	0.007**
No	31 (46.3%)	26 (74.3%)
Cholesterol crystal, n (%)
Yes	20 (29.9%)	1 (2.9%)	0.001**
No	47 (70.1%)	34 (52.2%)

NCI, neurocognitive impairment; BMI, body mass index; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.