Table 1.
Baseline study population characteristics.
| Variable | Control cohort | Vascular cohort | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 20 | n = 115 | ||
| Age (SD) | 68 (2.3) | 69 (9) | 0.62 |
| Male (%) | 13 (65) | 73 (63) | 0.89 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||
| White | 18 (90) | 97 (84) | 0.51 |
| Hispanic | 0 | 10 (9) | |
| Black | 0 | 4 (3.5) | |
| Other | 2 (10) | 4 (3.5) | |
| BMI (SD) | 28.7 (7.2) | 28.3 (5.3) | 0.76 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Heart failure | 0 | 19 (17) | 0.16 |
| History of stroke | 0 | 24 (21) | 0.08 |
| PAD | 0 | 75 (65) | <0.01 |
| Prior coronary intervention | 0 | 44 (38) | <0.01 |
| Prior MI | 0 | 30 (26) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 19 (95) | 106 (92) | 0.65 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6 (30) | 98 (85) | <0.01 |
| COPD | 0 | 7 (6) | 0.81 |
| Renal dysfunction | 1 (5) | 16 (14) | 0.24 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (10) | 45 (39) | 0.01 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||
| Never | 9 (45) | 25 (22) | 0.03 |
| Former | 11 (55) | 60 (52) | 0.81 |
| Current | 0 | 30 (26) | 0.03 |
| Procedure type (%) | |||
| Carotid endarterectomy | 0 | 49 (43) | |
| Asymptomatic | 0 | 34 (69) | |
| Symtomatic | 0 | 15 (31) | |
| Infra-inguinal revascularization | 0 | 44 (38) | |
| Claudication | 0 | 21 (48) | |
| Resting pain | 0 | 15 (34) | |
| Tissue loss | 0 | 13 (30) | |
| Lower extremity amputation | 0 | 22 (19) | |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin | 102 (89) | ||
| ACE inhibitor | 49 (43) | ||
| Beta blocker | 89 (78) | ||
| Coumadin | 11 (10) | ||
| Ca2+ channel blocker | 37 (32) | ||
| Statin | 99 (86) | ||
| Fibrate | 3 (3) | ||
| Metformin | 8 (7) | ||
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarct; HTN, hypertension; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.