TABLE 1.
Sample characteristics by diabetes status and cognitive diagnosis.
| DM + | DM- | Differ by DM status? | Differ by cognitive dx? | ||
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| Variable | Cognitive dx | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p or χ2 value | p or χ2 value |
| N | MCI | N = 34 | N = 203 | – | – |
| CU | N = 43 | N = 279 | – | – | |
| Age (years) | MCI | 73.1 (6.89) | 69.5 (7.41) | 0.005 | 0.358 |
| CU | 72.0 (6.82) | 72.2 (6.30) | 0.852 | – | |
| Education (years) | MCI | 16.4 (2.54) | 15.7 (3.05) | 0.182 | 0.055 |
| CU | 16.5 (2.52) | 15.7 (2.50) | 0.060 | – | |
| Sex (% male) | MCI | 69.23% | 53.55% | 0.129 | 0.168 |
| CU | 58.62% | 48.46% | 0.297 | – | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | MCI | 137.3 (16.27) | 135.1 (19.80) | 0.490 | 0.320 |
| CU | 135.6 (16.96) | 134.2 (14.14) | 0.781 | – | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | MCI | 76.0 (9.92) | 75.4 (10.63) | 0.736 | 0.383 |
| CU | 75.2 (9.62) | 74.9 (8.07) | 0.831 | – | |
| Pulse Pressure Index (mm Hg/mm Hg) | MCI | 0.4 (0.07) | 0.4 (0.09) | 0.600 | 0.924 |
| CU | 0.4 (0.07) | 0.4 (0.08) | 0.984 | – | |
| Mean Arterial BP (mm Hg) | MCI | 95.27 (11.50) | 96.41 (10.32) | 0.560 | 0.275 |
| CU | 94.9 (98.27) | 95.4 (10.26) | 0.774 | – | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | MCI | 27.0 (4.92) | 31.1 (6.36) | < 0.001 | 0.846 |
| CU | 27.4 (4.77) | 28.3 (5.70) | 0.245 | – | |
| GDS Total Score | MCI | 1.6 (1.45) | 2.0 (1.62) | 0.082 | 0.002 |
| CU | 1.3 (1.40) | 1.0 (1.02) | 0.289 | – | |
| MMSE Score | MCI | 27.8 (1.80) | 27.8 (1.94) | 0.968 | < 0.001 |
| CU | 28.9 (1.20) | 28.4 (2.18) | 0.028 | – | |
| FAQ Score | MCI | 3.6 (4.30) | 4.0 (4.33) | 0.642 | < 0.001 |
| CU | 0.6 (1.15) | 0.58 (1.16) | 0.973 | – | |
| APOE ε4 status (%ε4 +) | MCI | 50.00% | 51.66% | 0.977 | < 0.001 |
| CU | 44.83% | 34.81% | 0.092 | – | |
| CSF amyloid beta (% positive) | MCI | 65.38% | 65.88% | 0.960 | < 0.001 |
| CU | 37.93% | 36.18% | 0.851 | – | |
| WMH total volume† | MCI | 0.6 (0.66) | 0.6 (0.48) | 0.138 | < 0.001 |
| CU | 0.5 (0.45) | 0.4 (0.49) | 0.256 | – | |
| ICV | MCI | 1405.9 (142.10) | 1417.0 (147.02) | 0.178 | 0.125 |
| CU | 1393.1 (129.20) | 1367.8 (132.50) | 0.235 | – | |
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; dx, diagnosis; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CU, cognitively unimpaired; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CDR, clinical dementia rating; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini Mental State Exam; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; APOE, apolipoprotein E; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; ICV, intracranial volume.
†This variable was log-transformed in order to improve the normality of the distribution. Bold values indicate for p ≥ 0.05.