Table 2.
Adjusted associations between risk factors and severity of COVID-19 in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a large academic hospital in Chicago, Illinois, between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020 (N=4134).
| Predictor | Unhealthy alcohol use | No unhealthy alcohol use | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | ||||
| Alcohol classifier, n | 90 | 4044 | 1.24 | 1.14-1.37 | <.001 | ||||
| Age | N/Aa | N/A | 1.02 | 1.01-1.03 | <.001 | ||||
| Mean age (SD), years | 59.58 (17.29) | 50.12 (18.07) | N/A | N/A |
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| Sex, n | 0.64 | 0.49-0.85 | .002 | ||||||
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Male | 66 | 2050 | N/A | N/A |
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Female | 24 | 1994 | N/A | N/A |
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| Race/ethnicity, n | |||||||||
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Non-Hispanic White | 18 | 823 | Reference |
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Non-Hispanic Black | 42 | 1715 | 0.95 | 0.68-1.35 | .79 | |||
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Hispanic | 24 | 1171 | 1.17 | 0.81-1.70 | .41 | |||
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Other | 6 | 335 | 1.46 | 0.88-2.41 | .14 | |||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 31.71 (10.20) | 26.93 (7.73) | 1.02 | 1.01-1.04 | .001 | ||||
| Smoking status, n | |||||||||
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Never smoker | 22 | 1885 | Reference |
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Quit | 18 | 1001 | 0.85 | 0.67-1.08 | .25 | |||
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Current smoker (some days) | 6 | 68 | 0.59 | 0.27-1.27 | .07 | |||
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Current smoker (every day) | 17 | 161 | 1.14 | 0.75-1.75 | .13 | |||
| Insurance status, n | |||||||||
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Medicaid | 51 | 1429 | Reference |
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Medicare | 11 | 1387 | 0.83 | 0.60-1.15 | .25 | |||
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Private | 10 | 909 | 0.73 | 0.52-1.03 | .07 | |||
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Other | 18 | 319 | 0.68 | 0.41-1.11 | .13 | |||
| International Classification of Disease, n | |||||||||
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Cancer | 0 | 142 | 0.49 | 0.22-1.08 | .08 | |||
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Cardiovascular | 3 | 476 | 0.76 | 0.51-1.13 | .17 | |||
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Diabetes | 1 | 265 | 1.1 | 0.68-1.77 | .70 | |||
aN/A: not applicable.