Table 1:
Characteristics of chronic stable ambulatory HFpEF patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) used to investigate endo-MT activation in vitro
| Chronic HFpEF (N=12) | Values | Median IQR | Normal values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 65.5 [58.5, 75.5] | |
| Sex: Male/Female (%) | 3/9 (25/75) | ||
| Race: White/Black/Other (%) | 3/8/1 (25/67/8) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141± 17 | 144.5 [127.5, 153.3] | |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 12 (100) | ||
| Obesity: BMI>30 kg/m2 | 11 (92) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 8 (67) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/Atrial flutter | 5 (42) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease (stage) | |||
| 3 (eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73m2) | 9 (75) | ||
| 4 (eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73m2) | 3 (25) | ||
| NYHA Functional Class I/II/III/IV (%) | 2/9/1/0 (17/75/8/0) | ||
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| IVS (mm) | 11.0 ± 1.9 | 11.0 [9.3, 12.8] | 6–10 |
| LVEF (%) | 60.9 ± 7.3 | 61.5 [55.5, 65.0] | ≥50 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 47.9 ± 7.2 | 49.0 [45.3, 53.0] | <57 |
| LVESD (mm) | 31.8 ± 5.8 | 33.5 [27.5, 35.8] | 21–40 |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 10.9 ± 1.5 | 10.0 [10.0, 12.0] | 6–10 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.44 [0.40, 0.48] | 0.22–0.42 |
| Calculated LV mass (g) | 195.8 ± 60.6 | 173.0 [144.3, 233.2] | 67–162 |
| Normal diastolic function (%) | 2 (17) | ||
| Grade I diastolic dysfunction (%) | 7 (58) | ||
| Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction (%) | 2 (17) | ||
| Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction (%) | 1 (8) | ||
| Medications (%) | |||
| Diuretic (loop) | 11 (92) | ||
| ACE-I/ARB | 5 (42) | ||
| Beta-blocker | 10 (83) | ||
| Calcium channel blocker | 3 (25) | ||
| Statin | 11 (92) | ||
| Insulin/OHG | 7 (58) | ||
| Aspirin | 6 (50) | ||
| Biomarkers | |||
| Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.020 [0.006, 0.033] | <0.033 | |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 257.5 [75.0, 500.3] | 0 – 176 | |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 36.3 ± 21.0 | 28.0 [22.5, 51.5] | 7 – 25 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.89 ± 1.0 | 1.56 [1.28, 2.61] | 0.7 – 1.3 |
| MDRD eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 38.8 ± 13.9 | 38.70 [28.6, 51.7] | >60 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 147.9 ± 73.6 | 121.0 [92.3, 199.8] | 70–100 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.0 ± 3.1 | 139 [138, 143] | 135–145 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.2 [3.9, 4.5] | 3.1 – 5.3 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables or numbers or percent (%) for categorical variables. BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; BMI: body mass index; MDRD eGFR: glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; IQR: interquartile range; IVS: Intraventricular septal thickness; LV: Left ventricular; LVEF: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; LVEDD: LV End Diastolic Diameter; LVESD: LV End Systolic Diameter; OHG: Oral hypoglycemic agents; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; NYHA: New York Heart Association; TnI: troponin I. Grade I diastolic dysfunction: impaired relaxation; Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction: pseudo-normal filling pattern; Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction: reversible restrictive filling pattern.