Table 2.
Functional outcomes at baseline and 6 months
| Baseline (n = 115) |
6 months (n = 115) |
Absolute difference (95% CI) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment for anxiety or depression—no. (%) | 13/108 (12.0) | 16/109 (14.7) | RD, 2.21 (− 3.75 to 8.20) | 0.467 |
| Unemployed due to health reasons—no. (%) | – | 13/114 (11.4) | – | – |
| EQ-5D-5L | ||||
| Utility score | 1.0 (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | MD, − 0.19 (− 0.28 to − 0.10) | < 0.001 |
| No problems with mobility | 92/114 (80.7) | 66/115 (57.3) | RD, − 23.92 (− 32.96 to − 14.87) | < 0.001 |
| New problems with mobility* | – | 38/112 (33.9) | – | – |
| No problems with personal care | 109/113 (96.5) | 97/115 (84.3) | RD, − 12.00 (− 18.52 to − 5.50) | < 0.001 |
| New problems with personal care* | – | 15/111 (13.5) | – | – |
| No problems with usual activities | 106/113 (93.8) | 64/115 (55.7) | RD, − 38.11 (− 47.79 to − 28.45) | < 0.001 |
| New problems with usual activities* | – | 48/111 (43.2) | – | – |
| No problems with pain/discomfort | 81/113 (71.7) | 58/115 (50.4) | RD, − 21.06 (− 31.08 to − 11.06) | < 0.001 |
| New problems with pain/discomfort* | – | 38/111 (34.2) | – | – |
| No problems with anxiety/depression | 90/113 (79.6) | 69/115 (60.0) | RD, − 19.26 (− 27.38 to − 11.16) | < 0.001 |
| New problems with anxiety/depression* | – | 29/111 (26.1) | – | – |
| EuroQol-visual analogue scale | 86.5 (75.0–95.0) | 70.0 (60.0–85.0) | MD, − 15.00 (− 21.04 to − 8.95) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | – | – | ||
| Never married | – | 19/113 (16.8) | ||
| Currently married | – | 65/113 (57.5) | ||
| Separated | – | 3/113 (2.7) | ||
| Divorced | – | 8/113 (7.1) | ||
| Widowed | – | 9/113 (8.0) | ||
| Cohabiting | – | 9/113 (8.0) | ||
| Financial distress** | 1 (1–4) | 1 (1–5) | MD, 0.00 (− 1.07 to 1.07) | 0.999 |
| WHODAS score, % | 0.0 (0.0–4.2) | 10.4 (2.1–22.9) | MD, 10.40 (7.06–13.77) | < 0.001 |
| Disability—no. (%) | 7/112 (6.2) | 25/112 (22.3) | RD, 16.01 (7.90–24.12) | < 0.001 |
| New disability—no. (%) | – | 42/108 (38.9) | – | – |
| Category—no. (%) | ||||
| No disability | 89/112 (79.5) | 44/112 (39.3) | COR, 11.22 (4.94–25.52) | < 0.001 |
| Mild disability | 16/112 (14.3) | 43/112 (38.4) | ||
| Moderate disability | 7/112 (6.2) | 19/112 (17.0) | ||
| Severe disability | 0/112 (0.0) | 6/112 (5.4) | ||
| Complete disability | 0/112 (0.0) | 0/112 (0.0) | ||
| IADL | – | 8.0 (7.0–8.0) | – | – |
| Fully independent (IADL = 8) | – | 66/94 (70.2) | – | – |
| HADS anxiety | – | 3.0 (1.0–7.0) | – | – |
| Anxiety (HADS ≥ 8) | – | 18/89 (20.2) | – | – |
| HADS depression | – | 4.0 (1.0–7.0) | – | – |
| Depression (HADS ≥ 8) | – | 18/89 (20.2) | – | – |
| IES-6 total | – | 4.0 (1.0–9.0) | – | – |
| Mean score | – | 0.7 (0.2–1.5) | – | – |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (IES-6 mean > 1.75) | – | 16/87 (18.4) | – | – |
| MoCA-BLIND | – | 19.0 (17.0–20.0) | – | – |
| Cognitive dysfunction (MoCA-BLIND < 18) | – | 24/72 (33.3) | – | – |
Data are median (quartile 25%–quartile 75%) or no (%). Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding
CI confidence interval, COR common odds ratio where > 1.00 represents a higher chance of being in a worse category at 6 months compared to baseline, MD median difference, RD risk difference
*New problems defined when the score of the specific component of EQ-5D-5L at 6 months was higher than at baseline
**On a scale from 1 to 10 (1 would be the lowest level of financial distress)