TABLE 3.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Mortality Among Patients Who Presented for HIV Care With CD4 Count <100 Cells/µL, Vietnam (2015–2017)
| All Patients (N = 1177) | Died within 12 months of Enrollment | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)* | P for Adjusted HR | |
| OPC type | ||||||
| Freestanding | 511 (43.4%) | 57/511 (11.2%) | 1 | |||
| Hospital-based | 666 (56.6%) | 86/666 (12.9%) | 1.18 (0.7 to 1.99) | 0.5148 | ||
| Region | ||||||
| North | 559 (47.5%) | 65/559 (11.6%) | 1 | |||
| South | 618 (52.5%) | 78/618 (12.6%) | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.8) | 0.7649 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 872 (74.1%) | 105/872 (12.0%) | 1 | |||
| Female | 305 (25.9%) | 38/305 (12.5%) | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.57) | 0.8957 | ||
| Age (yr) | ||||||
| 18–35 | 657 (55.8% | 72/657 (11.0%) | 1 | 0.2354 | 1 | |
| 36–45 | 381 (32.4%) | 48/381 (12.6%) | 1.16 (0.77 to 1.75) | 1.17 (0.74 to 1.83) | 0.4899 | |
| ≥46 | 139 (11.8%) | 23/139 (16.5%) | 1.56 (0.93 to 2.6) | 1.85 (1 to 3.44) | 0.0516 | |
| CD4 count at study enrollment (cells/μL) | ||||||
| <50 | 892 (75.8%) | 124/892 (13.9%) | 2.18 (1.36 to 3.51) | 0.0027 | 1.75 (1.04 to 2.96) | 0.0378 |
| ≥50 | 285 (24.2%) | 19/285 (6.7%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ART initiation | ||||||
| No ART | 26 (2.2%) | 16/26 (61.5%) | 17.8 (7.36 to 43.05) | <0.0001 | 27.81 (12.04 to 64.23) | <0.001 |
| ART | 1151 (97.8%) | 127/1151 (11.0%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Currently living with spouse/partner | ||||||
| Living alone | 461 (39.2%) | 66/461 (14.3%) | 1.36 (0.85 to 2.17) | 0.1901 | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.64) | 0.6988 |
| Living with partner | 716 (60.8%) | 77/716 (10.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Currently employed | ||||||
| Unemployed | 167 (14.2%) | 32/167 (19.2%) | 1.93 (1.03 to 3.59) | 0.0402 | 1.07 (0.46 to 2.49) | 0.8761 |
| Currently employed | 1010 (85.8%) | 111/1010 (11.0% | 1 | 1 | ||
| Education level | ||||||
| From high school education and above | 478 (1010) | 44/478 (9.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Less than high school education | 699 (59.4%) | 99/699 (14.2%) | 1.59 (1.13 to 2.22) | 0.0094 | 1.62 (1.97 to 2.71) | 0.0635 |
| Monthly income† | ||||||
| ≤68 USD | 420 (35.7%) | 70/420 (16.7% | 1.81 (1.18 to 2.79) | 0.0094 | 1.45 (0.81 to 2.6) | 0.1959 |
| >68 USD | 757 (64.3%) | 73/757 (9.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| WHO clinical staging illnesses at enrollment | ||||||
| Clinical stage 1 or 2 | 368 (31.3%) | 17/368 (4.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Clinical stage 3 or 4 | 809 (68.7%) | 126/809 (15.6%) | 3.63 (2.05 to 6.4) | 0.0001 | 3.40 (1.97 to 5.88) | 0.0001 |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 573 (48.7%) | 93/573 (16.2%) | 2.06 (1.36 to 3.12) | 0.0016 | 1.59 (1.04 to 2.42) | 0.0337 |
| ≥18.5 | 604 (51.3%) | 50/604 (8.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Anemia category | ||||||
| Moderate to severe anemia | 281 (25.1%) | 60/281 (21.4% () | 2.51 (1.76 to 3.58) | <0.0001 | 1.56 (0.99 to 2.46) | 0.0549 |
| Mild anemia or normo-anemia | 837 (74.9%) | 79/837 (9.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| HBsAg status | ||||||
| Negative | 890 (87.2%) | 101/890 (11.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 131 (12.8%) | 21/131 (16.0%) | 1.42 (0.91 to 2.21) | 0.1163 | 1.87 (1.19 to 2.94) | 0.0089 |
| Anti-HCV status | ||||||
| Negative | 724 (71.3%) | 82/724 (11.3%) | 1 | |||
| Positive | 291 (28.7%) | 12.7% (37/291) | 1.14 (0.79 to 1.65) | 0.4724 | ||
| CrAg status | ||||||
| Negative | 1141 (96.9%) | 11.8% (135/1141) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 36 (3.1%) | 8/36 (22.2%) | 1.93 (1.03 to 3.63) | 0.0416 | 1.25 (0.65 to 2.43) | 0.4869 |
| Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis | ||||||
| No | 236 (20.1%) | 35/236 (14.8%) | 1 | 0.1204 | 1.01 (0.6 to 1.71) | 0.9673 |
| Yes | 941 (79.9%) | 108/941 (11.5%) | 0.69 (0.43 to 1.11) | 1 | ||
| Latent TB/TB treatment status | ||||||
| INH prophylaxis | 69 (5.9%) | 4/69 (5.8%) | 1 | 0.2342 | 1 | |
| No INH prophylaxis among eligible patients | 703 (59.7%) | 80/703 (11.4%) | 2.10 (0.61 to 7.17) | 1.65 (0.53 to 5.14) | 0.3686 | |
| TB treatment | 405 (34.4%) | 59/405 (14.6%) | 2.71 (0.71 to 10.35) | 1.26 (0.37 to 4.33) | 0.7009 |
*
Only variables with P value ≤ 0.25 were included in multivariate analysis.
†
Exchange rate by World Bank 2016 (1USD = 21,935 VND); Row (n/% or median/IQR). Levels of poor households and near-poor households applicable during 2016–2020.