Table 3.

ACE inhibitory activity, ORAC, and ABTS scavenging activity of raw and sprouted legumes at different phases of gastrointestinal digestion.

Legume	GT (h)	Digestion phase	ACE inhibitory activity (IC50, mg/mL)	ORAC (mmol TE/ g)	ABTS (mmol TE/ g)
GZL	0	u	0.50 ± 0.02cd,F	35.57 ± 2.93f,E	30.05 ± 2.91e,D
		g	0.50 ± 0.02cd,BC	69.72 ± 6.61d,F	67.28 ± 3.77d,D
		i	0.63 ± 0.04b,A	118.38 ± 10.86b,C	97.15 ± 2.55b,CD
	96	u	1.01 ± 0.01a,E	45.32 ± 3.44e,D	31.47 ± 3.06e,D
		g	0.44 ± 0.01d,CD	89.81 ± 6.77c,BC	78.57 ± 6.80c,C
		i	0.56 ± 0.01c,ABC	150.69 ± 14.62a,B	107.11 ± 2.89a,C
BL	0	u	0.63 ± 0.02b,F	62.67 ± 5.08c,B	41.14 ± 4.36d,C
		g	0.66 ± 0.04b,A	82.04 ± 3.78b,D	61.83 ± 5.72c,E
		i	0.61 ± 0.00b,AB	158.75 ± 11.75a,B	88.49 ± 4.51b,D
	96	u	4.24 ± 0.07a,A	49.79 ± 4.28d,C	26.58 ± 2.61e,E
		g	0.57 ± 0.00bc,ABC	83.14 ± 6.73b,D	58.52 ± 5.11c,EF
		i	0.47 ± 0.02c,C	159.12 ± 12.88a,B	101.62 ± 8.80a,C
DL	0	u	2.48 ± 0.02b,C	34.68 ± 3.37f,E	26.82 ± 2.64c,E
		g	0.57 ± 0.10c,ABC	75.31 ± 6.21d,E	54.55 ± 4.74b,F
		i	0.51 ± 0.02c,AB	127.87 ± 12.16b,C	98.60 ± 5.00a,CD
	96	u	4.05 ± 0.05a,B	45.08 ± 4.49e,D	23.19 ± 2.29c,F
		g	0.58 ± 0.02c,AB	87.49 ± 7.10c,CD	58.42 ± 5.16b,EF
		i	0.48 ± 0.03c,C	154.05 ± 14.98a,B	99.00 ± 9.66a,CD
ZF	0	u	0.63 ± 0.02b,F	60.13 ± 5.30f,B	59.15 ± 3.78f,B
		g	0.32 ± 0.00c,D	94.58 ± 7.49d,B	89.21 ± 8.78d,B
		i	0.37 ± 0.05c,D	151.53 ± 13.30b,B	131.99 ± 11.98b,B
	96	u	1.29 ± 0.07a,D	87.80 ± 7.88e,A	78.13 ± 4.48e,A
		g	0.44 ± 0.01c,CD	128.97 ± 11.92c,A	117.01 ± 6.67c,A
		i	0.61 ± 0.03b,AB	186.13 ± 10.33a,A	152.10 ± 14.73a,A

Data are the mean and SD of the three replicates.

Different lowercase letters within a column indicate statistical differences among different germination endpoints (p ≤ 0.05 post-hoc Duncan's test).

Different uppercase letters denote statistical differences among legumes at the same germination time (p ≤ 0.05 post-hoc Duncan's test).

ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); ACE, angiotensin I converting enzyme; BL, beluga lentil; DL, dehulled red lentil; GZL, gray zero-tannin lentil; g, end of gastric digestion (120 min); GT, germination time; i, end of digestion in the small intestine (240 min); IC₅₀, half maximal inhibitory concentration; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TE, Trolox equivalents; u, undigested sample; ZF, low tannin/zero vicine–convicine fava bean.