Table 1. General information of the patients (n=216).

General information	Values
Age (years)
Mean ± standard deviation	31.0±4.6
Range	18–46
Age of spouse (years)
Mean ± standard deviation	30.5±3.5
Range	20–43
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean ± standard deviation	25.3±3.8
Range	16.97–35.91
Preoperative spermatic vein diameter (mm)
Left side	2.9±0.6
Right side	2.5±0.6
Testicular size (mL)
Left side	14.8±4.0
Right side	15.2±3.9
Surgical indications (n, %)
Infertility combined with poor semen quality	167 (77.3)
Miscarriage combined with poor semen quality	11 (5.1)
Testicular pain only	22 (10.2)
Azoospermia	16 (7.4)
Dominant side of varicocele (n, %)
Left side	117 (54.2)
Both sides	99 (45.8)
Varicocele grade (n, %)
Grade 1	0
Grade 2	96 (44.4)
Grade 3	120 (55.6)