Table 2. Comparison of semen quality before and after surgery (n=169).

Variable	Before surgery	After operation	t value	P value
Semen pH	7.39±0.05	7.40±0.03	−1.09	0.276
Semen volume (mL)	3.8±1.6	3.9±1.5	−0.96	0.335
Sperm concentration (106/mL)	32.79±35.30	38.81±33.00	−2.35	0.020
Total sperm count (106)	115.48±106.23	144.35±121.45	−3.42	0.001
Forward rate (%)	15.44±11.66	20.58±14.12	−5.65	0.000
Total motility rate (%)	20.15±13.37	25.96±16.85	−5.59	0.000
Rate of normal morphology (%)	2.51±3.00	3.77±2.48	−3.05	0.004