Table 3. Anthropometric indices of participants at baseline and end of the intervention.

Variable		Intervention group (n = 35)	Placebo group (n = 35)	p value*	p value†
Body weight (kg)
	Before	88.5 ± 9.9	87.8 ± 9.5	0.72
	After	84.4 ± 9.8	84.9 ± 9.9	0.81	0.01
	p value‡	0.00	0.00
	Difference	−4.1 ± 1.8	−2.8 ± 1.9	0.01	0.015
BMI (kg/m2)
	Before	34.6 ± 3.2	34.6 ± 3.2	0.82
	After	33.0 ± 3.2	33.5 ± 3.2	0.57	0.016
	p value‡	0.00	0.00
	Difference	−1.6 ± 0.7	−1.1 ± 0.8	0.017	0.016
Fat mass (kg)
	Before	36.3 ± 6.6	35.7 ± 7.3	0.56
	After	33.7 ± 7.2	34.4 ± 7.7	0.71	0.002
	p value‡	0.00	0.00
	Difference	−2.6 ± 1.7	−1.3 ± 1.6	0.003	0.002
Muscle mass (kg)
	Before	49.4 ± 4.2	49.5 ± 4.7	0.90
	After	48.7 ± 4.6	49.0 ± 4.9	0.78	0.35
	p value‡	0.08	0.12
	Difference	−0.7 ± 1.5	−0.5 ± 1.9	0.54	0.35
WC (cm)
	Before	107.6 ± 7.0	107.2 ± 8.6	0.85
	After	103.1 ± 7.6	104.4 ± 9.5	0.53	0.42
	p value‡	0.00	0.00
	Difference	−4.4 ± 3.6	−2.7 ± 3.9	0.08	0.42
VAI
	Baseline	2.5 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 1.2	0.44
	End	2.3 ± 0.7	2.5 ± 0.9	0.19	0.81
	p value‡	0.001	0.207
	Difference	−0.3 ± 0.3	−0.2 ± 0.5	0.46	0.53
Physical activity (MET-min/week)
	Before	2,203.0 ± 664.6	2,377.4 ± 1,141.4	0.43
	After	2,366.2 ± 400.1	2,601.10 ± 719.6	0.13	0.68
	p value‡	0.29	0.23
	Difference	154.29 ± 630.3	−98.71 ± 472.4	0.095	0.25

BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; VAI, Visceral Adiposity Index.

^*Independent t-test between the 2 groups at pre-and post-intervention; ^†Analysis of covariance (adjusted for age, physical activity, dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, antioxidant vitamins such as vitamins A, C, and E, and corresponding baseline value); ^‡Paired t-test.