Fig. 1.

Possible neutralization evasion mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. a The mechanisms of mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to influence the binding of spike protein to antibodies. b The mechanisms of mutations in an N-terminal domain (NTD) to influence the binding of S protein to antibodies. Besides, the gamma variants adopted a conformation with one of RBDs in the “up” position, promoting binding to ACE2 and evasion of some antibodies