TABLE 2.

Characteristics of all intervention studies with prebiotics included in the review¹

Authors	Age	Country	Health status	Children receiving antibiotics	Intervention duration	Prebiotic intervention	Control	Vehicle	Growth as a primary or secondary outcome
Argaw et al. (50)	6–12 mo	Ethiopia	Healthy	Excluded	12 mo	500 mg n–3 LC-PUFA (fish oil) consisting of 285 mg EPA + 215 mg DHA (n = 90)	Placebo (n = 90)	Supplement with 19 micronutrients	Primary
Duggan et al. (38)	6–12 mo	Peru	Healthy	Excluded	6 mo	0.5 g OF/d (n = 118); 0.5 g OF + 1 mg Zn/d (n = 157)	Placebo (n = 120); placebo + 1 mg Zn/d (n = 152)	Cereal	Secondary
Jones et al. (51)	6–60 mo	Kenya	Malnourished, on-site outpatients	Not described	84 d	ALA (flaxseed oil) (n = 20); ALA (flaxseed oil) + 214 mg n–3 LC-PUFA (fish oil) consisting of 79 mg EPA + 135 mg DHA (n  = 20); ALA (flaxseed oil) + 214 mg n–3 LC-PUFA (fish oil) consisting of 79 mg EPA + 135 mg DHA ( n = 20)	Placebo (n = 20); placebo (n = 20); placebo + ALA (flaxseed oil) (n = 20)	Ready-to-use therapeutic food	Secondary
Nakamura et al. (52)	25–59 mo	Bangladesh	Healthy	Excluded	6 mo	2 g FOSs/d (n = 64)	Placebo (n = 69)	Isotonic solution	Primary
Paganini et al. (53)	6.5–9.5 mo	Kenya	Healthy	Excluded	4 mo	7.5 g GOSs + 5 g Fe/d (n = 48)	Placebo + 5 g Fe (n = 49)	Micronutrient powder	Secondary
Ribeiro et al. (54)	9–48 mo	Brazil	Healthy	Included	108 d	1 g GOSs + 1 g PDX/d (n = 63)	Placebo (n = 67)	Cow milk–based follow-on formula	Secondary

¹ALA, α-linolenic acid; FOS, fructo-oligosaccharide; GOS, galacto-oligosaccharide; LC-PUFA, long-chain PUFA; OF, oligofructose; PDX, polydextrose.