Fig. 7.

Schematic overview of study results. Retinal ischemia/reperfusion led to a progressive microglia activation. At early time points (2 to 24 h) after an ischemic injury, the immune response seemed to be mediated mainly by TLR2. The following cascade included MyD88, which activated NFκB. This transcription factor led to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ. TLR3 was also upregulated and a MyD88-independent signaling pathway was activated in the immune response via NFκB. An activation of the initiator caspase 8 in retinal ganglion cells was noted at early time points, while the effector caspase 3 was enhanced throughout the study