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. 2021 Nov 8;7:44. doi: 10.1038/s41526-021-00171-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — MitoTempo increases mitochondrial O2⁻ dismutation and accumulates in the mitochondria. Apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, attenuates ROS production as well as the resultant neuroinflammation and mitochondrial injury. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an aminothiol and synthetic precursor of intracellular cysteine and GSH, and is thought to be an important antioxidant.