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. 2021 Nov 8;11:21787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00236-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of PS I. (a) Membrane plane view of one monomer of PS I with multiple subunits represented in different colors. The two main subunits PsaA and PsaB and the three membrane extrinsic subunits PsaD, PsaC, and PsaE are labeled. Many of the trans-membrane helices are visible between the membrane planes (red and blue planes). Membrane orientation generated via the PPM server (https://opm.phar.umich.edu/ppm_server). (b) View of the reaction center part of PS I. The cofactors involved in electron transfer are arranged in two pseudo-symmetrical branches comprised of Chl eC_A1, eC_B2, eC_A3 and PhQ_A on one side and Chl eC_B1, eC_A2, eC_B3 and PhQ_B on the other side. Both branches connect at the [4Fe4S] cluster F_X at the stromal side, with F_A and F_B, the two final [4Fe4S] clusters, breaking the symmetry. (c) Electron transfer times along the A and B-branch of the reaction center of PS I. Cofactors are labeled according to their function, with P700 and the accessory Chls forming the primary donor, A₀ being the first and A₁ the secondary electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain on each branch. Figure generated with Pymol v. 2.4.0a0. https://pymol.org.