Table 3.
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association between family history and lung cancer risk, stratified by histologic type of lung cancer and fruit consumption.
| Family history (FH) of cancer in first-degree relatives | All women | Never-smokers only | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Cases | Controls | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | |
| n (%) | n (%) | (95% CI) | n (%) | n (%) | (95% CI) | |||
| Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 237) | (n = 650) | (n = 161) | (n = 569) | |||||
| FH absent | 207 (87.3%) | 608 (93.5%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 136 (84.5%) | 535 (94.0%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 30 (12.7%) | 42 (6.5%) | 2.10 (1.28–3.44) | 2.07 (1.21–3.56) | 25 (15.5%) | 34 (6.0%) | 2.89 (1.67–5.01) | 2.77 (1.53–5.00) |
| Adenocarcinoma (77.2% of NSCLCs) | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 183) | (n = 650) | (n = 139) | (n = 569) | |||||
| FH absent | 160 (87.4%) | 608 (93.5%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 120 (86.3%) | 535 (94.0%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 23 (12.6%) | 42 (6.5%) | 2.08 (1.22–3.56) | 1.90 (1.06–3.39) | 19 (13.7%) | 34 (6.0%) | 2.49 (1.37–4.52) | 2.39 (1.26–4.51) |
| Low fruit consumption (≤ 7.36 servings per week)c | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 194) | (n = 340) | (n = 119) | (n = 290) | |||||
| FH absent | 172 (88.7%) | 322 (94.7%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 102 (85.7%) | 277 (95.5%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 22 (11.3%) | 18 (5.3%) | 2.29 (1.19–4.38) | 1.98 (0.97–4.06) | 17 (14.3%) | 13 (4.5%) | 3.56 (1.67–7.57) | 3.09 (1.37–7.01) |
| All cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 243) | (n = 393) | (n = 151) | (n = 338) | |||||
| FH absent | 172 (70.8%) | 322 (81.9%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 102 (67.5%) | 277 (81.9%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 71 (29.2%) | 71 (18.1%) | 1.87 (1.28–2.73) | 1.88 (1.24–2.86) | 49 (32.5%) | 61 (18.1%) | 2.18 (1.41–3.38) | 1.99 (1.24–3.19) |
| High fruit consumption (> 7.36 servings per week)c | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 101) | (n = 310) | (n = 74) | (n = 279) | |||||
| FH absent | 86 (85.2%) | 286 (92.3%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 62 (83.8%) | 258 (92.5%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 15 (14.8%) | 24 (7.7%) | 2.08 (1.04–4.14) | 2.24 (1.05–4.77) | 12 (16.2%) | 21 (7.5%) | 2.38 (1.11–5.09) | 2.58 (1.14–5.84) |
| All cancer | ||||||||
| (n = 131) | (n = 392) | (n = 100) | (n = 355) | |||||
| FH absent | 86 (65.7%) | 286 (73.0%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 62 (62.0%) | 258 (72.7%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| FH present | 45 (34.3%) | 106 (27.0%) | 1.41 (0.92–2.16) | 1.32 (0.82–2.10) | 38 (38.0%) | 97 (27.3%) | 1.63 (1.02–2.60) | 1.39 (0.84–2.30) |
aAdjusted for age, type of dwelling, years of education, ETS exposure, BMI, history of respiratory disease, meat consumption, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, frequency of cooking, and smoking status, excluded fruit consumption when stratified by fruit consumption.
bAdjusted for age, type of dwelling, years of education, ETS exposure, BMI, history of respiratory disease, meat consumption, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption and frequency of cooking, excluded fruit consumption when stratified by fruit consumption.
cThe cutoff for low and high fruit consumption was determined by the median weekly servings of fruits that controls reported (7.36 servings/week). Bold values refer to statistically significant results with P<0.05.