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. 2021 Nov 8;11:21790. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01208-3

Table 3.

Visual evaluation results.

Image n Mean ± SEM Median (Q1–Q3) Wilcoxon signed rank p Mean/Median of (DVA30-DSA100) Wilcoxon one sample p
Abdominal (n = 120)
DVA100 30 3.67 ± 0.10 3.71 (3.43–4.00) 0.003  − 0.26 ± 0.12/ − 0.29 (− 0.54–0.25) 0.036
DSA100 30 3.49 ± 0.10 3.57 (3.18–3.86)
DVA30 30 3.23 ± 0.10 3.29 (2.86–3.54) 0.013
DSA30 30 3.00 ± 0.10 3.07 (2.86–3.29)
Abdominal, after exclusion of patients with excessive intestinal gases (n = 108)
DVA100 27 3.63 ± 0.10 3.71 (3.36–4.00) 0.002  − 0.10 ± 0.09/ − 0.14 (− 0.43–0.29) 0.350
DSA100 27 3.42 ± 0.10 3.43 (3.14–3.72)
DVA30 27 3.33 ± 0.09 3.31 (2.93–3.64) 0.001
DSA30 27 3.02 ± 0.10 3.14 (2.86–3.36)
Femoral (n = 120)
DVA100 30 4.32 ± 0.06 4.33 (4.21–4.50) 0.390  − 0.08 ± 0.06/0.00 (− 0.17–0.13) 0.435
DSA100 30 4.27 ± 0.09 4.33 (3.88–4.67)
DVA30 30 4.19 ± 0.09 4.33 (3.88–4.63) 0.020
DSA30 30 4.07 ± 0.11 4.33 (3.75–4.46)
Crural (n = 232)
DVA100 58 3.99 ± 0.07 4.00 (3.71–4.29)  < 0.001 0.25 ± 0.07/0.21 (0.00–0.68) < 0.001
DSA100 58 3.37 ± 0.08 3.43 (3.00–3.82)
DVA30 58 3.62 ± 0.09 3.71 (3.29–4.14)  < 0.001
DSA30 58 3.14 ± 0.09 3.29 (2.71–3.57)

Readers evaluated in total 472 images by using a 5-grade Likert scale: ranging from poor (1) to outstanding (5) image quality (for details see The Materials and Methods section). Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, and the median and the interquartile range (Q1–Q3). Data were analysed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test (DVA vs DSA) or the Wilcoxon one sample test (non-inferiority analysis between DVA30 and DSA100). Bold: significant difference, p < 0.05. DVA: Digital Variance Angiography, DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography. The index defines the applied protocol, 100: normal dose, 30: low-dose. SEM: Standard Error of Mean.