Table 2.
Effect sizes and p-values of significant CpG sites for each depression variable.
| A. Primary outcomes: Maternal depression scores and newborn DNAm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CpG Site | Chromosome: Position | Variable | Δ beta per IQRd | Standard Error | P-value |
| cg16473797a | chr20:61755045 | EPDS Continuous | −1.06E-02 | 2.12E-04 | 1.04E-03 |
| BDI-II Continuous | −5.64E-03 | 9.19E-05 | 5.72E-05 | ||
| cg23262030a | chr17:45918702 | EPDS Continuous | 1.71E-03 | 4.21E-05 | 7.87E-03 |
| BDI-II Continuous | 1.47E-03 | 1.82E-05 | 1.18E-07 | ||
| cg04859497b | chr2: 79923818 | EPDS Continuous | −3.88E-02 | 1.05E-03 | 0.459 |
| BDI-II Continuous | −2.85E-02 | 4.01E-04 | 3.61E-07 | ||
| B. Secondary outcomes: Screening for maternal depression and newborn DNAm | |||||
| CpG Site | Chromosome: Position | Variable | Δ betae | Standard Error | P-value |
| cg16473797a | chr20:61755045 | EPDS Threshold 10 | −1.32E-03 | 1.55E-03 | 0.39 |
| EPDS Threshold 13 | −7.09E-03 | 2.38E-03 | 2.38E-03 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 14 | −1.10E-02 | 2.04E-03 | 6.87E-08 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 20 | −8.61E-03 | 2.29E-03 | 1.72E-04 | ||
| cg23262030a | chr17:45918702 | EPDS Threshold 10 | 6.94E-04 | 4.18E-04 | 9.7E-02 |
| EPDS Threshold 13 | 1.06E-03 | 4.44E-04 | 1.7E-02 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 14 | 1.90E-03 | 4.10E-04 | 3.76E-06 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 20 | 1.40E-03 | 5.01E-04 | 5.01E-03 | ||
| cg04859497b | chr2: 79923818 | EPDS Threshold 10 | −9.15E-03 | 1.00E-02 | 0.359 |
| EPDS Threshold 13 | −8.34E-03 | 1.08E-02 | 0.437 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 14 | −3.25E-02 | 9.15E-03 | 3.84E-04 | ||
| BDI-II Threshold 20 | −6.42E-02 | 1.05E-02 | 1.06E-09c | ||
aResults from the meta-analysis
bResults from the EPIC array EWAS
cBonferroni threshold for meta-analysis: 1.29 × 10−7, for EPIC EWAS: 6.40 × 10−8
dΔ beta per IQR: This coefficient represents the increase of mean DNAm beta values per increase of one interquartile range (IQR) in the depression scores (EPDS or BDI Continuous). (IQR EPDS total for total participants = 6, IQR BDI-II total for total participants = 15.25, IQR EPDS total for EPIC array participants = 5, IQR BDI-II total for EPIC array participants = 14). Negative coefficients refer to smaller mean DNAm beta values in children of mothers with higher depression scores and positive coefficients refer to larger mean DNAm beta values in children of mothers with higher depression scores.
eΔ beta: This coefficient represents the mean difference of DNAm beta values between children of mothers who were screened positive for depression verses of those who were not. Negative coefficients refer to smaller mean DNAm beta values in children of mothers who were screened positive and positive coefficients refer to larger mean DNAm beta values in children of mothers who were screened positive for depression.