Table 1.
Demographics and Characteristics of Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19–Positive Patients With and Without a VAE during the First Versus Second Waves of the Pandemic
| Variable | COVID-19 + Requiring Mechanical Ventilation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAE + | VAE - | |||
| First Wave (N=172) |
Second Wave (N=60) |
First Wave (N=489) |
Second Wave (N=223) |
|
| Age, mean y (SD) | 60.0 (14) | 67.3 (15) | 61.6 (16) | 64.7 (15) |
| Sex, male, no. (%) | 123 (72) | 37 (62) | 300 (61) | 149 (67) |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 117 (68) | 42 (70) | 324 (66) | 159 (71) |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 93 (54) | 28 (47) | 229 (47) | 98 (44) |
| Elixhauser score (mean, SD) | 5.8 (2) | 6.2 (2) | 5.3 (2) | 5.7 (2) |
| Time from admission to intubation, median d (IQR) | 0 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (2) | 1 (4) |
| Duration of MV, median d (IQR) | 21 (19) | 17 (10) | 10 (13) | 8 (10) |
| Time from initiation of MV to VAE, median d (IQR) | 5 (9) | 8 (8) | N/A | N/A |
| In-hospital mortality, no. (%) | 52 (30) | 36 (60) | 158 (32) | 92 (41) |
| VAE rate per 100 EMV | 29.0 | 21.6 | N/A | N/A |
| VAE rate per 1000 ventilator days | 17.2 | 14.4 | N/A | N/A |
| VAE subtype, no. (%) | ||||
| VAC | 95 (55) | 31 (51) | ||
| IVAC | 53 (31) | 18 (30) | ||
| PVAP | 24 (14) | 11 (18) | ||
Note. N corresponds to the number of episodes of mechanical ventilation. IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; VAE, ventilator-associated event; MV, mechanical ventilation; EMV, episodes of mechanical ventilation; VAC, ventilator-associated complication; IVAC, infection-related ventilator-associated complication; PVAP, possible ventilator-associated pneumonia.