Fig. 3.

Potential immunotherapies for COVID-19 by targeting various pathways in dysregulated myeloid cells to restore immune homeostasis. These immunotherapies may include: 1) blocking spike-myeloid receptor interaction; 2) inhibiting TLR signaling pathways; 3) engaging Siglec-10/G by CD24-Fc fusion protein or exosome to suppress DAMP signaling; 4) blocking JAK signaling pathway; 5) enhancing RIG-I or STING mediated production of IFNs; and 6) blocking myeloid cell-released proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and DAMPs.