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. 2021 Sep 15;12(3):313–318. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2020.112185.2670

Fig. 1.

The effect of various concentrations of cinnamaldehyde for: Contraction in the circular smooth muscles of the bovine abomasal fundus (A-C). Contraction in the circular smooth muscles of bovine abomasal antrum (D-F). Contraction in the circular smooth muscles of bovine duodenum (G-I). Contraction in the circular smooth muscles of bovine ileum (J-L).

Fig. 1

A, D, G, and J: Basal tonus (Base), B, E, H, and K: Barium chloride (BaCl2) induced, and C, F, I, and L: Carbachol-induced (CCh). The values indicate the mean and SEM. * indicates a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05).