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. 2021 Oct 26;15:752958. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.752958

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Copyright © 2021 Thomas, Lin, Martinez-Camarillo, Zhu, McLelland, Nistor, Keirstead, Humayun and Seiler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alginate-embedded co-grafts. (A,B) Preparation of co-graft using MVG alginate. Retina organoid (RO) and RPE were adhered using 1% alginate. (A) View from top. Small blue arrows: RPE layer on the parylene membrane, white arrows: RO sheet adhered to the RPE layer. (B) Side view. (C,D) Examples of co-grafts loaded in nozzle of implantation instrument. (E–H) OCT B-scans. (E) 33-Day-old RCS retina (approximately 3 weeks before transplantation) still contains an outer nuclear layer (ONL). (F) At 106 d of age, the outer nuclear layer has completely disappeared. (G) Scans at 2 months post-surgery of transplant #1 in Figure 5 (Spectralis© Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., USC). Left panel: fundus image (maximum intensity projection). Arrows indicate position of horizontal B-scan (green) and vertical B-scan (red). Horizontal scan (center panel) and vertical scan (right panel) confirm the position of the co-graft in the subretinal space. (H) Corresponding scans of the same transplant at 5 months post-surgery (Bioptigen OCT, UCI). IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OS, outer segments; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; H, host retina; T, transplant.