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. 2021 Nov 9;29(15):21275–21288. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17160-8

Table 2.

Fiscal multipliers

FM(1) FM(2) FM(3) FM(4) FM(5)
Govt. consumption 1.4353 0.9853 0.6344 0.0086 1.3376
Tax relief 0.4314 1.2745 1.2543 0.0274 0.5855
Economic Stabilization Program 0.5437 2.4325 1.2666 0.0777 0.3427
Transfer 0.6769 1.6532 1.6532 0.0874 0.6622
Liquidity assistance 1.4536 2.4875 2.4732 −0.0394 0.6643