Table 1.

Summary statistics for owner-reported provision of enrichment opportunities for cats with (n = 1,633) and without (n = 4,896) uncontrolled outdoor access.

		Uncontrolled outdoor access	No uncontrolled outdoor access
Active play time	<1 h	548 (33.7%)	1,366 (28.0%)
	1 h	527 (32.4%)	1,612 (33.0%)
	2 h	324 (19.9%)	1,066 (21.8%)
	3–12 h	229 (14.1%)	843 (17.2%)
Small toys (e.g., furry mice, crinkle sacks)	Yes	1,447 (88.8%)	4,770 (97.5%)
	No	182 (11.2%)	120 (2.5%)
Interactive toys (e.g., feather wand)	Yes	1,115 (69.9%)	4,190 (85.9%)
	No	479 (30.1%)	690 (14.1%)
Feeding device (e.g., puzzle feeders)	Yes	303 (19.4%)	1,349 (27.8%)
	No	1,258 (80.6%)	3,504 (66.0%)
Elevated platforms (e.g., perches)	Yes	1,241 (76.9%)	4,389 (89.9%)
	No	373 (23.1%)	492 (10.1%)
Scratching areas (e.g., scratching post)	Yes	1,311 (81.3%)	4,506 (92.2%)
	No	302 (18.7%)	383 (7.8%)
Exploratory items (e.g., tunnels, boxes)	Yes	1,034 (64.9%)	3,848 (78.9%)
	No	558 (35.1%)	1,031 (21.1%)
Olfactory stimulation (e.g., catnip)	Yes	860 (53.9%)	3,169 (65.0%)
	No	736 (46.1%)	1,703 (35.0%)
Training (e.g., clicker training)	Yes	154 (9.4%)	677 (13.8%)
	No	1,477 (90.6%)	4,213 (86.2%)
Outdoor access under direct supervision	Yes	112 (12.8%)	368 (7.5%)
	No	766 (87.2%)	4,507 (92.5%)
Enclosed outdoor access (e.g., catio, arched cat fencing)	Yes	42 (4.9%)	743 (15.3%)
	No	823 (95.1%)	4,118 (84.7%)
Outdoor access via leash, harness and/or tie out	Yes	27 (3.1%)	1,007 (20.8%)
	No	840 (96.9%)	3,840 (79.2%)

Cats with uncontrolled outdoor access were allowed opportunities to freeroam while unsupervised. Cats with no uncontrolled outdoor access included both indoor-only cats, and cats that were allowed outdoors in a controlled manner (e.g., under direct supervision, kept in an enclosed area, or on a harness or leash).