Table 5.

Logistic regression model for risk factors associated with uncontrolled outdoor access for cats based on owner reports, with province/state as a random effect (N = 7,838 participants).

Risk factors		ORa	95% CIb	P
Cats are highly motivated to go outside		-	-	<0.001
	Somewhat agree (ref.)c	-	-	-
	Strongly agree	1.65	1.27, 2.13	<0.001
	Somewhat disagree	0.40	0.27, 0.60	<0.001
	Strongly disagree	0.17	0.08, 0.38	<0.001
	Unsure	0.46	0.30, 0.70	<0.001
Cats can help with rodent control		-	-	0.0046
	Somewhat agree (ref.)	-	-	-
	Strongly agree	1.01	0.78, 1.31	0.952
	Somewhat disagree	0.92	0.64, 1.33	0.670
	Strongly disagree	0.411	0.24, 0.71	0.001
	Unsure	0.66	0.46, 0.94	0.022
Promotes natural hunting behavior		-	-	0.0029
	Somewhat agree (ref.)	-	-	-
	Strongly agree	0.83	0.62, 1.12	0.188
	Somewhat disagree	1.72	1.20, 2.47	0.0030
	Strongly disagree	1.69	0.99, 2.88	0.054
	Unsure	1.33	0.97, 1.81	0.075
Reduces risk of behavioral issues		-	-	<0.001
	Somewhat agree (ref.)	-	-	-
	Strongly agree	1.53	1.11, 2.11	0.010
	Somewhat disagree	0.62	0.43, 0.90	0.013
	Strongly disagree	0.69	0.41, 1.18	0.1810
	Unsure	0.72	0.55, 0.95	0.018
Promotes physical activity		-	-	<0.001
	Somewhat agree (ref.)	-	-	-
	Strongly agree	1.36	1.05, 1.76	0.018
	Somewhat disagree	0.31	0.16, 0.63	0.0010
	Strongly disagree	0.15	0.03, 0.72	0.018
	Unsure	0.64	0.37, 1.09	0.1000

Owner perspectives on the benefits of outdoor access reported here, with other aspects of the model reported in Tables 3, 4, 6, 7.

^aOdds ratio based on the output of mixed logistic regression model.

^b95% confidence interval of the odds ratio.

^cReferent category.

Bolded values indicate significance (p < 0.05).