Figure 4.

PHB modulators suppress mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling. A: Mouse brown preadipocytes were treated with indicated PHB ligands during brown adipogenesis induction for 8 days. Brightfield images demonstrate comparable adipocyte differentiation in control and treated cells. MitoTracker staining reveals lower mitochondrial activity in adipocytes upon PHB modulator treatment. Graph: red fluorescence quantification. Scale bar: 50 µm. B: Mouse brown preadipocytes were induced to undergo brown adipogenesis for 8 days and then treated with indicated PHB ligands. Seahorse XFe24/Flux Assay demonstrates a decrease of mitochondrial respiration upon treatment with each PHB modulator. C: Analysis of data from B reveals a decrease in basal and spare respiration and in uncoupling, but not in ATP production, upon treatment with each PHB modulator. Plotted date are mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05 (Student t test).