Table 3: Approach to Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Sleep Modifications

Positional therapy Advantages: non-invasive, reduces snoring Disadvantages: uncomfortable

Dental appliances Advantages: reduce snoring Disadvantages: uncomfortable, cost

Lifestyle Modifications

Reduce alcohol intake Advantages: may promote weight loss and other beneficial health outcomes Disadvantages: may require time-consuming and costly treatment

Weight loss Diet and exercise Advantages: non-invasive, may promote other beneficial health outcomes Disadvantages: time-consuming, requires long-term maintenance Bariatric surgery Advantages: rapid, effective Disadvantages: invasive, possibility of complications, nutritional deficiencies

Therapeutic Approaches

Continuous positive pressure therapy Advantages: gold standard, reduces snoring, multiple customisable options (CPAP, BiPAP, ASV) Disadvantages: uncomfortable, cost (loss of insurance coverage if not used enough), loud (may disturb patient and/or bed partner)

Implantable device therapy Advantages: long-term treatment, effective for those who cannot tolerate PAP therapy, minimally invasive, easy to use Disadvantages: possibility of complications

ASV = adaptive servo ventilation; BiPAP = bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; PAP = positive airway pressure.