Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 25;23(10):e19915. doi: 10.2196/19915

Table 3.

Pooled relative risks of secondary outcomes based on combined direct and indirect evidence from Bayesian network meta-analysis with different educational instructions in patients undergoing colonoscopya.

Education instruction Adherence to instruction Satisfaction with BPb Willingness to repeat Abdominal discomfort Nausea and vomiting Sleep disturbance Polyp detection rate
Compared with standard patient instructions
Additional explanations 9.84
(4.13-21.78) N/Ac 1.02
(0.19-3.24) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Visual aids N/A N/A N/A 0.91
(0.62-1.27) 1.35
(0.67-2.46) N/A 1
(0.76-1.28)
New visual aids N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.03
(0.56-1.74)
SMS text messaging 6.99
(3.57-12.92) 1.79
(1.22-2.55) 1.44
(0.86-2.32) 0.71
(0.46-1.03) 0.66
(0.46-0.9) 0.8
(0.58-1.1) 1.1
(0.85-1.41)
Telephone calls 4.84 
(3.08-7.42) 1.97
(1.19-3.12) 1.36
(0.95-1.89) 0.95
(0.67-1.31) 0.92
(0.67-1.25) 0.69
(0.51-0.91) 1.86
(1.4-2.44)
Educational videos 4.24
(1.12-12.61) 1.6
(0.7-3.18) N/A 1.18
(0.36-2.93) 2.77
(0.65-8.51) 2.88
(0.84-7.93) 0.81
(0.6-1.07)
Social media applications 3.76
(2.7-5.13) 2.03
(1.17-3.34) 2.22
(1.77-2.75) 0.69
(0.52-0.9) 0.69
(0.54-0.85) 0.53
(0.44-0.65) 1.37
(0.87-2.01)
Mobile apps 1.33
(0.74-2.2) N/A 2.73
(1.27-5.34) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compared with additional explanations
SMS text messaging 0.85
(0.25-2.07) N/A 2.39
(0.4-8.14) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Telephone calls 0.59
(0.2-1.29) N/A 2.25
(0.4-7.44) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Educational videos 0.52
(0.09-1.74) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Social media applications 0.46
(0.16-0.96) N/A 3.68
(0.66-12.1) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Mobile apps 0.16
(0.05-0.37) N/A 4.53
(0.67-16.48) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compared with visual aids
New visual aids N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.05
(0.54-1.87)
SMS text messaging N/A N/A N/A 0.8
(0.46-1.32) 0.54
(0.24-1.05) N/A 1.13
(0.77-1.59)
Telephone calls N/A N/A N/A 1.08
(0.64-1.7) 0.76
(0.35-1.45) N/A 1.90
(1.28-2.72)
Educational videos N/A N/A N/A 1.34
(0.37-3.47) 2.28
(0.43-7.59) N/A 0.82
(0.55-1.19)
Social media applications N/A N/A N/A 0.79
(0.49-1.2) 0.57
(0.27-1.05) N/A 1.39
(0.82-2.2)
Compared with new visual aids
SMS text messaging N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.16
(0.6-2.04)
Telephone calls N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.96
(1-3.46)
Educational videos N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.85
(0.43-1.52)
Social media applications N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.44
(0.67-2.71)
Compared with SMS text messaging
Telephone calls 0.77
(0.33-1.49) 1.12
(0.66-1.79) 0.99
(0.55-1.65) 1.39
(0.86-2.14) 1.44
(0.95-2.1) 0.88
(0.59-1.27) 1.71
(1.2-2.36)
Educational videos 0.67
(0.14-2.19) 0.93
(0.36-1.95) N/A 1.74
(0.48-4.55) 4.34
(0.95-13.54) 3.68
(1.01-10.24) 0.74
(0.49-1.07)
Social media applications 0.59
(0.28-1.09) 1.16
(0.65-1.92) 1.64
(0.93-2.65) 1.02
(0.63-1.57) 1.07
(0.73-1.52) 0.68
(0.47-0.95) 1.25
(0.79-1.88)
Mobile apps 0.21
(0.08-0.44) N/A 2.02
(0.77-4.42) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compared with telephone calls
Educational videos 0.92
(0.22-2.87) 0.86
(0.32-1.89) N/A 1.28
(0.37-3.32) 3.07
(0.69-9.65) 4.24
(1.17-11.87) 0.44
(0.29-0.65)
Social media applications 0.82
(0.45-1.34) 1.09
(0.52-2.01) 1.69
(1.1-2.48) 0.75
(0.48-1.12) 0.76
(0.51-1.09) 0.79
(0.55-1.1) 0.75
(0.44-1.17)
Mobile apps 0.29
(0.13-0.54) N/A 2.08
(0.88-4.29) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compared with educational videos
Social media applications 1.31
(0.28-3.5) 1.48
(0.53-3.3) N/A 0.78
(0.48-1.97) 0.38
(0.08-1.08) 0.26
(0.07-0.64) 1.73
(1.01-2.77)
Mobile apps 0.46
(0.09-1.32) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compared with social media applications
Mobile apps 0.36
(0.18-0.65) N/A 1.25
(0.56-2.5) N/A N/A N/A N/A

aThe italicized values indicate statistically significant differences.

bBP: bowel preparation.

cN/A: not applicable.