Table 4. Average value ± standard deviation of the hypervolume indicator for the synthetic benchmarks.

Graph	Random	DFS	Deg	RW
BA500	15.65 ± 4.37	13.03 ± 5.37	28.05 ± 2.62*	20.72 ± 4.37
BA1000	36.54 ± 21.58	58.38 ± 24.17	154.27 ± 10.54*	68.21 ± 26.51
BA2500	6138.01 ± 1701.47	2924.91 ± 2828.77	18607.82 ± 364.64*	8643.83 ± 1993.09
BA5000	1078479.10 ± 319614.94	449069.24 ± 396267.77	3409301.92 ± 47950.42*	1706543.15 ± 182869.56
ER250	738.68 ± 217.41	2387.05 ± 342.45*	1162.31 ± 252.49	1204.39 ± 319.17
ER500	1607.75 ± 920.84	8045.09 ± 1848.71*	2762.01 ± 1572.09	2644.67 ± 919.06
ER1000	1133.40 ± 949.75	9407.93 ± 4141.55*	6385.57 ± 3487.82*	5176.12 ± 1499.51
ER2000	39323.23 ± 24560.07	65449.57 ± 34152.98*	56123.63 ± 12683.44*	72259.64 ± 26198.93*
FF250	38.01 ± 6.84	36.34 ± 12.26*	41.88 ± 5.39*	45.61 ± 7.52*
FF500	24.51 ± 8.19	51.42 ± 9.68*	37.72 ± 4.93	32.98 ± 6.86
FF1000	1402.85 ± 599.70	1718.09 ± 647.33	3274.96 ± 387.73*	3194.72 ± 409.27*
FF2000	30560.10 ± 20460.26	16206.67 ± 13027.87	136548.86 ± 12378.66*	107945.88 ± 12371.82
WS250	8132.90 ± 268.63	9577.11 ± 1390.61	8495.50 ± 636.66	16193.42 ± 3306.69*
WS500	48526.56 ± 14388.26	35879.19 ± 8263.24	110772.29 ± 31047.79	203301.59 ± 30420.58*
WS1000	159361.50 ± 503.68	159202.10 ± 0.32	162811.19 ± 11412.20	337726.99 ± 90573.11*
WS1500	484347.05 ± 140137.66	708776.63 ± 223377.92	1923479.18 ± 351573.85	5058526.43 ± 1741808.94*

Notes.

^*An asterisk (*) indicates the best results which are based on a Wilcoxon sign-rank test.