Table 1. Perinatal and Current Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Characteristic | No. (%) of group participants | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 77) | Born SGA (n = 81) | ||
| Perinatal characteristic | |||
| Birth weight, median (IQR), g | 3380 (3250-3550) | 2570 (2440-2700) | NA |
| Gestational age at delivery, median (IQR), wk | 40 (39-40) | 40 (39-41) | .06 |
| Birth weight centile, median (IQR) | 53 (40-66) | 1 (1-3) | NA |
| Prematurity | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | .14 |
| Gestational hypertension | 1 (1) | 6 (7) | .06 |
| Breastfeedinga | 9 (12) | 17 (21) | .12 |
| Current baseline characteristic | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 33.7 (31.0-37.1) | 34.4 (30.8-36.7) | .96 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 33 (43) | 43 (53) | .20 |
| Male | 44 (57) | 38 (47) | |
| White ethnicity | 77 (100) | 81 (100) | NA |
| Height, median (IQR), m2 | 1.7 (1.7-1.8) | 1.7 (1.6-1.7) | <.001 |
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 73.3 (60.9-85.0) | 70.0 (57.7-79.1) | .07 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 24.3 (21.4-26.6) | 24.7 (21.7-28.4) | .48 |
| Body surface area, median (IQR), m2b | 1.9 (1.7-2.0) | 1.8 (1.6-1.9) | .001 |
| Previous familiar history of myocardial infarction | 10 (13) | 7 (9) | .37 |
| Educational level | |||
| Primary | 9 (12) | 8 (10) | .049 |
| Secondary | 3 (4) | 7 (9) | |
| Postsecondary nontertiary | 10 (13) | 20 (26) | |
| Short-cycle tertiary | 7 (9) | 13 (16) | |
| University | 48 (62) | 33 (41) | |
| Smoking habit | 42 (57) | 42 (52) | .67 |
| Overweightc | 33 (43) | 35 (43) | .96 |
| Sedentary time, median (IQR), h | 90.5 (76.5-106.0) | 87.0 (73.0-105.0) | .24 |
| Level of physical activityd | |||
| Low | 35 (48) | 33 (43) | .25 |
| Moderate | 26 (36) | 22 (29) | |
| High | 12 (16) | 21 (28) | |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | .38 |
| Asthma | 4 (5) | 9 (11) | .18 |
| Chronic hypertension | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | .96 |
| Blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hge | |||
| Systolic | 118.7 (110.2-128.7) | 117.5 (109.2-126.7) | .84 |
| Diastolic | 71.5 (66.7-78.2) | 72.0 (63.7-80.2) | .90 |
| Glucose level, median (IQR), mg/dL | 89 (83-97) | 89 (81-96) | .31 |
| Cholesterol level, median (IQR), mg/dL | |||
| LDL | 109 (95-134) | 111 (101-125) | .98 |
| HDL | 46 (35-57) | 47 (39-54) | .47 |
| Triglyceride, median (IQR), mg/dL | 105 (76-150) | 86 (69-123) | .10 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NA, nonapplicable; SGA, small for gestational age.
SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555; LDL and HDL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; and triglyceride to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113.
Breastfeeding considered present if existed (exclusive or mixed) at any duration.
Body surface area calculated using the Haycock formula.
Overweight defined as BMI above 25.
Basal level of physical activity assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.16
Blood pressure was obtained at the beginning of the medical evaluation by a trained nurse while the participant was seated after having rested for 5 to 10 minutes.