Figure 1.

Sleep imbalance in objective and subjective sleep duration. Objective sleep duration is TST and subjective sleep duration is assessed by participants in daily sleep diaries. Rows indicate couples, dots represent imbalance in hours for each night within a given couple. Triangles represent couple-specific average imbalances. Solid vertical lines indicate the average sample specific imbalance measure. Dashed vertical lines provide a perfect balance reference. Shaded areas comprise 95% of raw data. Left panel: Objective sleep imbalance measurements based on actigraphy. Couples are sorted according to imbalance from high in fathers to high in mothers. Mothers have 28.0 min (SE=7.1, p<0.001) longer objective sleep duration than men. Middle panel: Subjective sleep imbalance measurements based on questionnaire data. Couples are sorted as in the left panel. Mothers have 32.4 min (SE=9.3, p=0.001) longer subjective sleep duration than men. Right panel: Comparison between objective and subjective imbalance. Blue triangles represent objective couple-specific average imbalance and yellow triangles represent subjective measurements. Note that for two couples, data was only available for objective measurements.

Abbreviations: TST, total sleep time; SE, standard error.