TABLE 7.

Catalysts used for hydrogen production via TMD process.

Catalyst	Catalyst type	Methane conversion (%)	Hydrogen yield	Temp (°C)	Methane flow rate	References
NiO/Al2O3–SiO2	Metal oxide catalyst	∼40	1,730 (mol H2/mol Ni)	550	30 cc/min	Ashok et al. (2008a)
Activated carbons	Non supported catalyst	—	—	900	20 ml/min	Ashok et al. (2008c)
Fe	Non supported metal catalyst	∼80	—	800	27.5 N cm3/min	Cunha et al. (2008)
Co	Non supported metal catalyst	∼80	—	800	27.5 N cm3/min	Cunha et al. (2008)
Ni	Non supported metal catalyst	∼80	—	800	27.5 N cm3/min	Cunha et al. (2008)
FeMo/MgO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	87	—	900	50 ml/min	Pinilla et al. (2011)
Ni/SiO2	Metal oxide supported catalyst	35	3.4 (mol H2/mol CH4)	550	—	Zhang and Amiridis, (1998)
Ni/SiO2–Al2O3	Metal oxide supported catalyst	∼80	—	700	20 cm3/min	Suelves et al. (2005)
Ni/MgO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	35–40	—	550	60 N cm3/min	Bonura et al. (2006)
Ni/SiO2	Non supported catalyst	35–40	—	550	60 N cm3/min	Bonura et al. (2006)
Ni/Cu–Nb2O5	Metal supported catalyst	∼45	7,274 mol H2/mol Ni	600	40 cm3/min	Li et al. (2004)
Ni/Cu–alumina	Metal supported catalyst	70	—	750	68 cm3/min	Li et al. (2000)
Ni/Cu–Si	Metal supported catalyst	∼80	—	700	20 cm3/min	Lázaro et al. (2007)
Ni/Cu–MgO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	45	—	700	60 cm3/min	Wang and Baker, (2004)
Ni/Cu–Al	Metal supported catalyst	65	—	700	20 cm3/min	Suelves et al. (2006)
Ni/Cu–Mg	Metal supported catalyst	∼67	—	700	20 cm3/min	Moliner et al. (2008)
Fe/MgO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	∼87	—	800	50 ml/min	Pinilla et al. (2011)
NiCuAl	Metal supported catalyst	31.2	—	700	150 N cm3 min−1	Suelves et al. (2009)
Co/Al2O3	Noble metal supported catalyst	∼22	—	700	35 cm3/min	Nuernberg et al. (2008)
Fe/Al2O3	Metal oxide supported catalyst	7.9	—	625	—	Avdeeva et al. (2002)
NiO-CuO	Non supported catalyst	85	—	750	25 ml/min	Lua and Wang, (2013)
Ni/SiO2	Non supported catalyst	88	∼89%	750	30 ml/min	Saraswat and Pant, (2013)
Ni–Mo/Al2O3	Metal oxide supported catalyst	∼80	∼88%	750	—	Awadallah et al. (2013)
Al2O3–TiO2	Metal oxide supported catalyst	∼70	59%	700	50 sccm	Awadallah et al. (2014)
Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	∼80	—	800	500 ml/min	Karaismailoglu et al. (2019)
Ni	Non supported catalyst	53	—	700	70 ml/min	Li et al. (2017)
Magnesium-NiO	Metal oxide supported catalyst	82	1.8%	800	30 sccm	Al-Fatesh et al. (2020)
Ni3Si2O5(OH)4	Non supported catalyst	85	—	800	—	Zhang et al. (2019b)
NiO-MgO-Al2O3	Metal oxide supported catalyst	91	—	800	—	Chai et al. (2017)
Ni-La@KCC-1	Metal supported catalyst	96	—	750	100 ml/min	Abdulrasheed et al. (2020)
Ni/Ce-ZnAl2O4	Noble metal supported catalyst	82	92%	800	10°C/min	Movasati et al. (2017)
Ni/alumina-zirconia	Metal supported catalyst	90	72%	800	32.5 ml/min	Fakeeha et al. (2020)
Ni/SiO2Al2O3	Metal oxide supported catalyst	100	—	900	25 ml/min	Ali et al. (2016)
Ni/MgAl2O4	Metal oxide supported catalyst	75	—	850	—	Katheria et al. (2016)
Ni/Ni2Al2O5	Metal oxide supported catalyst	82	∼20%	∼650	—	Rogers et al. (2016)
Ru/ZnLaAlO4	Noble metal supported catalyst	72	99.8%	800	50 N ml/min	Khani et al. (2016)
Ni/CeO2/Al2O3	Noble metal supported catalyst	∼94	42.52%	∼900	—	Peng et al. (2017)
Ni/Ru/γ-Al2O3	Noble metal supported catalyst	80	—	∼650	—	Calzada Hernandez et al. (2020)
Ni/Pt- γ-Al2O3	Noble metal supported catalyst	80	—	∼700	—	De Vlieger et al. (2012)