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Summary of human TLRs and their ligands. Diagram of the 10 human TLRs, indicating their adaptor molecules and the downstream result of their signaling. For each TLR, canonical ligands are listed in bold, artificial stimuli used to test their functions in parentheses, and described ligands from γ-herpesviruses (“γ-HV”) in italics. pDC = plasmacytoid dendritic cells; poly(I:C) = polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; LPS = lipopolysaccharide. Sspoly(U) = single-stranded polyuridylic acid
