Table 1.

Characteristics of the SNPs associated with plasma levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)

n-3 PUFA	Nearest gene	SNP	Chr. position	EA/NEA	EAF	Effect	SE	p-value	VE (%)	F
ALA	FEN1	rs412334	11:61316837	t/c	0.16	− 0.0118	0.0016	9.72E−14	0.342	30
	C11orf9	rs198464	11:61278197	a/g	0.50	− 0.0057	0.0009	2.48 E−11	0.148	13
	C11orf10	rs740006	11:61314444	t/c	0.90	0.0163	0.0025	1.32 E−10	0.440	39
	C11orf9	rs17762402	11:61309777	a/g	0.07	− 0.0186	0.0029	1.56 E−10	0.411	37
DHA	ELOVL2	rs2236212	6:10995015	c/g	0.41	− 0.1132	0.0141	1.26 E−15	0.646	58
DPA	ELOVL2	rs3734398	6:10982973	t/c	0.57	− 0.0404	0.0029	9.61 E−44	2.667	243
	FEN1	rs412334	11:61560261	t/c	0.16	0.0554	0.0052	1.40 E−26	2.750	251
	C11orf10	rs740006	11:61557868	t/c	0.9	− 0.0764	0.0079	4.50 E−22	3.502	322
	FADS3	rs7394871	11:61652514	a/c	0.05	− 0.0637	0.0078	3.56 E−16	1.285	115
	FADS2	rs498793	11:61624705	t/c	0.43	0.0307	0.0038	5.84 E−16	1.540	139
	SYCP2L	rs12199131	6:10932569	a/g	0.26	0.0267	0.0033	7.69 E−16	0.914	82
	RAB3IL1	rs174472	11:61671956	a/g	0.58	0.0274	0.0037	5.74 E−14	1.219	109
	C11orf9	rs17762402	11:61553201	a/g	0.06	0.0805	0.0109	1.42 E−13	2.437	221
	SYCP2L	rs6928281	6:10908917	t/g	0.72	0.0226	0.0032	8.04 E−13	0.686	61
	C11orf9	rs198464	11:61521621	a/g	0.49	0.0191	0.0028	7.47 E−12	0.608	54
	FADS2	rs17156442	11:61614023	t/c	0.05	− 0.0513	0.0077	2.09 E−11	0.833	74
	BEST1	rs1109748	11:61722645	a/c	0.07	− 0.0400	0.0068	5.09 E−09	0.694	62
	ELOVL2	rs6936315	6:11035972	t/c	0.84	0.0244	0.0043	1.34 E−08	0.533	48
	FTH1	rs10792320	11:61746291	a/c	0.65	0.0160	0.0030	8.49 E−08	0.388	35
	BEST1	rs2727266	11:61704334	a/g	0.93	0.0308	0.0058	8.86 E−08	0.412	37
EPA	FADS3	rs7394871	11:61652514	a/c	0.05	− 0.0912	0.0128	1.13 E−12	0.494	44
	ELOVL2	rs3798713	6:11008622	c/g	0.42	0.0350	0.0050	1.93 E−12	0.373	33
	BEST1	rs1109748	11:61722645	a/c	0.07	− 0.0535	0.0092	5.46 E−09	0.233	21
	FEN1	rs412334	11:61560261	t/c	0.16	0.0440	0.0081	4.59 E−08	0.325	29
	FADS2	rs498793	11:61624705	t/c	0.43	0.0351	0.0064	5.11 E−08	0.377	34
	MAT2B	rs1145652	5:164764087	a/g	0.87	0.0356	0.0066	8.39 E−08	0.179	16

ALA α-linolenic acid, Chr. chromosome, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic acid, EA effect allele, EAF effect allele frequency, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, F F-statistic, NEA non-effect allele, PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids, SE standard error, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, VE variation explained

VE (%) = (2 × Effect² × EAF × (1 − EAF)/var (n-3 PUFAs)) × 100, var (n-3 PUFA) is the variance of n-3 PUFA and was deduced based on literature data (PMID: 27490808). F-statistic is a measure of the strength of the genetic instrument and is calculated as follows: F = (R² × (n − 1 − k))/((1 − R²) × k), where R² = VE (%), n = sample size, k = number of instrumental variables