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. 2021 Nov 8;18:49. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00281-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Representative gross morphological features of post-mortem non-hydrocephalic and untreated hydrocephalic pig brains (cases 21 and 9, respectively). In all cases, C and D columns contain coronal views from the same case as the midsagittal section in B. A–D In a sham control 93-day old animal, the myelinated pyramids (Py) were prominent and the atria (LVa), frontal horns (LVf), and temporal horns (LVt) of the lateral ventricle were small or slit-like. A′–D′ At 81-days old, kaolin deposits in the basal cisterns (BC) obscured the pyramids and ventriculomegaly was prominent throughout the ventricular system, including the 4th ventricle (V4). A″–D″. Shunted animals all retained the kaolin obstruction in the basal cisterns, and in some cases (this example), the ventricles were not reduced in size and the cortex lateral to the temporal horn (LVt) remained thin. The ventricular catheter contacted the choroid plexus (CP) but retained some open drainage holes, and a portion the catheter track (black arrow in D″) penetrated the fimbria. H—hippocampus. Scale bars–10 mm