Fig. 4.

Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping for biatrial applications (left-left anterior oblique and right-right anterior oblique views) for cardioneuroablation (CNA). Yellow – a decapolar catheter is located between the right ventricle, His region, and right atrium. Blue dots represent sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. CNA was performed using the anatomical approach, focusing on the area of the left atrial ganglionated plexi as well as the coronary sinus roof and ostium, with minimal applications in the superior vena cava.