Table 1.

Characteristics of Licensed Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Brand Name and Valency	VLP Types	Manufacturer and Date of First Licensure	Adjuvant	Expression System	Administration and Doses Recommendeda
Gardasilb; quadrivalent	HPV-6 (20 µg); HPV-11 (40 µg); HPV-16 (40 µg); HPV-18 (20 µg)	Merck & Co; 2006	Amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (225 µg)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast) expressing L1	Intramuscular; 2 or 3 doses, depending on age at initiation
Cervarixc; bivalent	HPV-16 (20 µg); HPV-18 (20 µg)	GlaxoSmithKline; 2007	Aluminum hydroxide (500 µg); 3-O-desacyl-4’ monophosphoryl lipid A (AS04) (50 µg)	Trichoplusia ni insect cell line infected with L1 encoding recombinant baculovirus	Intramuscular; 2 or 3 doses, depending on age at initiation
Gardasil 9d; nonavalent	HPV-6 (30 µg); HPV-11 (40 µg); HPV-16 (60 µg); HPV-18 (40 µg); HPV-31 (20 µg); HPV-33 (20 µg); HPV-45 (20 µg); HPV-52 (20 µg); HPV-58 (20 µg)	Merck & Co; 2014	Amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (500 µg)	S. cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast) expressing L1	Intramuscular; 2 or 3 doses, depending on age at initiation
Cecoline; bivalent	HPV-16 (40 µg); HPV-18 (20 µg)	Xiamen Innovax Biotech; 2020	Aluminum hydroxide (208 µg)	Escherichia coli expressing L1	Intramuscular; 2 or 3 doses, depending on age at initiation

Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; L1, capsid protein of human papillomavirus; VLP, virus-like particle.

^a Gardasil, Cervarix, and Gardasil 9 were originally licensed with 3-dose schedules: Cervarix: 0, 1, and 6 months; Gardasil and Gardasil 9: 0, 2, and 6 months.

^b Package insert available online (https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/gardasil) [17].

^cPackage insert available online (https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/cervarix) [18]. Cervarix was licensed in the United States in 2009.

^dPackage insert available online (https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/gardasil-9) [19].

^eLicensed in China [20]. Pending WHO prequalification.