Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of participants in 2011
| Characteristic | Nondepression cases | Depression cases | Overall cases | χ2/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 3690 (72.0) | 1435 (28.0) | 5125 (100.0) | - | - |
| Age (year), n (%) | 29.9832 | <0.001 | |||
| 40–50 | 790 (21.4) | 238 (16.6) | 1028 (20.1) | ||
| 51–60 | 1463 (39.7) | 526 (36.7) | 1989 (38.8) | ||
| 61–70 | 1001 (27.1) | 471 (32.8) | 1472 (28.7) | ||
| ≥71 | 434 (11.8) | 200 (13.9) | 634 (12.4) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 65.2937 | <0.001 | |||
| Married/cohabitated | 3356 (91.0) | 1191 (83.0) | 4547 (88.7) | ||
| Others | 334 (9.1) | 244 (17.0) | 578 (11.3) | ||
| Educational levels, n (%) | 140.2274 | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 1016 (27.5) | 568 (39.6) | 1584 (30.9) | ||
| Did not finish primary school but capable of reading or writing | 955 (25.9) | 434 (30.2) | 1389 (27.1) | ||
| Primary private school | 1066 (28.9) | 306 (21.3) | 1372 (26.8) | ||
| Elementary school | 394 (10.7) | 99 (6.9) | 493 (9.6) | ||
| Middle school | 258 (7.0) | 28 (2.0) | 286 (5.6) | ||
| Hukou, n (%) | 64.8906 | <0.001 | |||
| Agricultural hukou | 2804 (76.0) | 1237 (86.2) | 4041 (78.9) | ||
| Nonagricultural hukou | 860 (23.3) | 190 (13.2) | 1050 (20.6) | ||
| Unified residence hukou | 24 (0.7) | 8 (0.6) | 32 (0.6) | ||
| BMI (kg m−2), n (%) | 62.1680 | <0.001 | |||
| <18.5 | 168 (5.3) | 124 (10.0) | 292 (6.6) | ||
| ≥18.5 and <24 | 1842 (57.7) | 779 (63.0) | 2621 (59.2) | ||
| ≥24 and <28 | 886 (27.7) | 255 (20.6) | 1141 (25.8) | ||
| ≥28 | 298 (9.3) | 78 (6.3) | 376 (8.5) | ||
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 28.6472 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 976 (30.3) | 278 (22.3) | 1254 (28.1) | ||
| No | 2241 (69.7) | 968 (77.7) | 3209 (71.9) | ||
| Sleeping time (h),n (%) | 156.8409 | <0.001 | |||
| <6 | 1554 (42.2) | 879 (61.5) | 2433 (47.6) | ||
| 6–8 | 1806 (49.1) | 447 (31.3) | 2253 (44.1) | ||
| >8 | 321 (8.7) | 104 (7.3) | 425 (8.3) | ||
| Afternoon napping, n (%) | 12.7493 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 2228 (60.4) | 788 (54.9) | 3016 (58.9) | ||
| No | 1462 (39.6) | 647 (45.1) | 2109 (41.2) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 12.4786 | 0.003 | |||
| Yes | 2124 (57.6) | 896 (62.4) | 3020 (58.9) | ||
| No | 992 (26.9) | 321 (22.4) | 1313 (25.6) | ||
| Quitted | 574 (15.6) | 218 (15.2) | 792 (15.5) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 29.1653 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 1498 (40.6) | 701 (48.9) | 2199 (42.9) | ||
| Less than once a month | 416 (11.3) | 131 (9.1) | 547 (10.7) | ||
| More than once a month | 1776 (48.1) | 603 (42.0) | 2379 (46.4) | ||
| Systolic pressure (mmHg), mean±s.d. | 131.01±21.93 | 129.45±22.40 | 130.57±22.07 | 2.1048 | 0.0354 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg), mean±s.d. | 76.88±12.37 | 75.50±12.80 | 76.49±12.51 | 3.3029 | 0.0010 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.0196 | 0.889 | |||
| Yes | 1236 (37.6) | 486 (37.8) | 1722 (37.6) | ||
| No | 2054 (62.4) | 800 (62.2) | 2854 (62.4) | ||
| LUTS/BPH cases in 2013, n (%) | 17.1483 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 166 (4.5) | 106 (7.4) | 272 (5.3) | ||
| No | 3524 (95.5) | 1329 (92.6) | 4853 (94.7) |
Discrepancies between depression and nondepression groups were tested according to their data types. Continuous data were analyzed by student’s t-test and categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test. BMI: body mass index; -: no data; LUTS: lower urinary tract symptom; BPH: benign prostate hyperplasia; s.d.: standard deviation