FIG 3.

Plasmablasts from dengue patients express several cytokines involved in angiogenesis. (A) Heat maps showing select genes related to cytokines. (B) Network analysis performed in STRING describing associations between the upregulated cytokines in plasmablasts based on text mining, annotated database, experimental evidence, and homology. Protein-protein associations are represented by the edges, and the thickness of the edges corresponds to confidence in the evidence used to deduce the associations (thick, high confidence; thin, low confidence). Red nodes represent the cytokines involved in vascular permeability, leukocyte extravasation, and angiogenesis. (C) Heat map of select cytokine receptors. For both heat maps in panels A and C, a gradient of high to low gene expression levels based on z-score-normalized counts is indicated from red to blue. On the right of the heat maps are gene names with common names indicated in parentheses, log₂ fold changes (LFC), average normalized counts of naive B cells, and average normalized counts of plasmablasts. Each column in the heat map represents an individual patient. (D) Flow cytometric staining for select cytokine receptors.