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. 2021 Oct 14;47:102165. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102165

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Schematic highlighting redox regulation by SCFAs in different cell types. Aβ: amyloid β peptide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BBB: blood-brain barrier; FFAR2: free fatty acid receptor 2; FFAR3: free fatty acid receptor 3; GR109A: G-protein-coupled receptor; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HDAC: histone deacetylase 1; HO1: heme oxygenase 1; H3K9/14 ac: histone H3 acetylated in lysine 9/14; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LRP-1: LDL Receptor Related Protein 1; NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NO: nitric oxide; NOX2: NADPH oxidase 2; NQ1: NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1; Nrf2: nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2; NT: nuclear translocation; p21: p53: tumor suppressor p53; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SMCT1: sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1; SOD: superoxide dismutase; Sp1: specificity protein 1.