Table 7.

Clinical trials assessing the impact of supplementation with SCFAs.

Patients	SCFA	Treatment/Time	Major results	References
10 patients with distal ulcerative colitis	Butyrate	100 mM NaB, 2 weeks + placebo 2 weeks	NaB irrigation ameliorated distal ulcerative colitis	[121]
30 patients with diverticulitis/22 controls	Butyrate	300 mg/day NaB, 12 months	Microencapsulated NaB reduced clinical diverticulitis incidence	[122]
13 overweighted and obese men	Acetate Propionate Butyrate	40–120 mM NaAc, NaP, NaB, 12h	Acute rectal administration of SCFAs modulates whole-body substrate and energy metabolism, with an increase in fasting fat oxidation and resting energy expenditure	[123]

Abbreviations: NaAc: sodium acetate; NaB: sodium butyrate; NaP: sodium propionate; SCFAs: short chain fatty acids.