Table 3.

The Summary of the Measures Used in the Selected Qualitative Studies

Authors	Method	Purpose	Type of Analysis
Deldar et al18	Semi-structured interviews	To investigate a better understanding of the current challenges faced by critical care nurses in using pain assessment tools among nonverbal patients	Inductive approach based on the Graneheim and Lundman method.59
Alasiry et al13	Semi-structured, 20-minute interviews	To gain a better understanding of pain assessment and pain management in critically ill patients in cardiac care units from nurses’ perspectives.	Content analysis using manual analyzing based on the Graneheim and Lundman method.59
Subramanian et al16	Semi-structured interviews with nurses using the critical incident technique. Interviews lasted between 45 minutes-1.5 hours	To understand challenges related to effective pain management among critically ill patients from nurses’ perspective.	Content analysis using the framework analysis developed by the National Centre for Social Research.60
Lindberg & Engström15	Semi-structured interviews lasting between 20–70 minutes	To gain a better understanding of critical care nurses’ experiences in assessing and managing postoperative patients’ pain in an intensive care unit	Content analysis described by Downe-Wamboldt.61