Table 1.

Mechanical properties and element types in the model of human donor 118. The bulk modulus was set to κ=100μ for all tissues (C_neo= μ/2).

Structures	Element type	Density Kg/m3	Material model	Material properties
Retina [81]	Lagrangian	1100	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.005
Sclera [81]	Lagrangian	1243	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.113
Lamina cribrosa [81]	Lagrangian	1243	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.113×0.38 (CTVF)=0.042
Pia [81]	Lagrangian	1100	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.113
Optic nerve [81]	Lagrangian	1100	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.005
Cornea [82]	Lagrangian	1076	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.276
Zonules [33]	Lagrangian	1000	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.0595
Lens [33]	Lagrangian	1078	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.1394
Ciliary body [33]	Lagrangian	1600	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.1394
Extra ocular tissue [83]	Lagrangian	970	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0.0017
Aqueous [26]	Lagrangian	1000	Hyperelastic	Cneo=0. 0000035
Vitreous [84]	Lagrangian	1000	Viscoelastic	G0=0.01 kPa, G∞=0.0003 kPa, β=14.26 1/s, K=2 GPa
Skull [22]	Lagrangian	1009	Elastic	E=13.7 GPa, v=0.3
IED [27]	Eulerian	1570	Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation	Detonation velocity = 6930 m/s, Chapman-Jouget pressure‡ = 21 GPa, Internal energy density (E0) = 4.3 GPa
Air [27]	Eulerian	1.22	Ideal-gas gamma-law	Internal energy density (E0) = 0.258 MPa, γ = 1.4, Pressure cut off=1e7 GPa
Soil [85]	Eulerian	1986	Federal Highway Administration soil model	Pore Water Pressure = 5, Specific Gravity of Soil used to get porosity= 2.65, ρwater (Density of water in model units - used to determine air void strain (saturation)) = 1, Viscoplasticity parameter (strain-rate enhanced strength) =2, Viscoplasticity parameter (strain-rate enhanced strength) =1e-4, Maximum number of plasticity iterations = 10, K (Bulk Modulus) = 5.19 GPa, G (Shear modulus) = 343 MPa, Peak Shear Strength Angle (friction angle) (radians) = 0.611, Coefficient A for modified Drucker-Prager Surface = 4.4e-9, Cohesion ñ Shear Strength at zero confinement (overburden) = 6.2e-8, Eccentricity parameter for third invariant effects = 1, Strain hardening percent of phi max where non-linear effects start = 0.25, Strain Hardening Amount of non-linear effects = 0.01, Moisture Content of Soil (Determines amount of air voids) (0.0 - 1.00) = 0.252, Parameter for pore water effects on bulk modulus = 463, Skeleton bulk modulus- Pore water parameter ñ set to zero to eliminate effects = 5.199e-4, The minimum internal friction angle, radians (residual shear strength) = 0.001, Volumetric Strain at Initial damage threshold = 0.1, Void formation energy (like fracture energy) = 1, Level of damage that will cause element deletion (0.0 - 1.00) = 0, Maximum principle failure strain = 1

^‡The Chapman-Jouguet pressure is reached if the sonic velocity of the reaction gases reaches the detonation velocity.