. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 29.

Published in final edited form as: Headache. 2021 Jun 29;61(6):872–881. doi: 10.1111/head.14129

Table 2.

Differences between chronic migraine alone and chronic migraine with additional areas of pain

Variable	Estimate	SE	(95% CI)	P-value

Adverse Life Experience¹
Adverse Experiences Prior to Age 17	0.22	0.05	(0.11, 0.32)	<.001^**
Adverse Experiences After Age 17	0.29	0.09	(0.11, 0.47)	0.002^*
Neglected Experiences as Child	0.14	0.07	(0.01, 0.28)	0.041^*
Pain Outcome²
Pain Intensity - Average	0.16	0.02	(0.12, 0.19)	<.001^**
Pain Intensity - Worst	0.14	0.02	(0.11, 0.18)	<.001^**
Pain Catastrophizing Scale	0.48	0.14	(0.20, 0.77)	0.001^*
PROMIS Outcome²
Anger	0.80	0.10	(0.60, 1.00)	<.001^**
Anxiety	0.77	0.09	(0.59, 0.95)	<.001^**
Depression	0.82	0.10	(0.64, 1.01)	<.001^**
Fatigue	1.15	0.09	(0.97, 1.32)	<.001^**
Pain Behavior	0.35	0.05	(0.26, 0.44)	<.001^**
Pain Interference	0.69	0.07	(0.55, 0.82)	<.001^**
Physical Function	−1.21	0.09	(−1.39, −1.03)	<.001^**
Satisfaction Role	−0.99	0.11	(−1.20, −0.78)	<.001^**
Sleep Disturbance	0.88	0.09	(0.70, 1.07)	<.001^**
Social Isolation	0.80	0.11	(0.59, 1.01)	<.001^**
Health Care Utilization Outcome²
Physician Visits	0.05	0.01	(0.03, 0.07)	<.001^**
Emergency Room Visits	0.05	0.02	(0.00, 0.09)	0.040^*
Hospital Overnights	0.08	0.03	(0.02, 0.15)	0.016^*

Abbreviations: PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; SE, Standard Error; CI, Confidence Interval.

Adverse life experiences were modeled as predictors on the number of body map region adjusted for study covariates.

Variables were modeled as outcomes as a function of body map regions and study covariates.

p-value<0.05;

^**

p-value<0.001