Table 3. Comparison of the perioperative characteristics and outcomes among patients with grade B postoperative pancreatic fistula and those with biochemical leak.
| Characteristics | BL | B-antibiotics | B-intervention | P-value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BL vs B-antibiotics | B-antibiotics vs B-intervention | ||||
| (n = 30) | (n = 31) | (n = 54) | |||
| Preoperative characteristics | |||||
| Sex, male/female | 16/14 | 20/11 | 36/18 | 0.644 | 0.512 |
| Age, years | 68 (10–83) | 54 (28–77) | 68 (20–89) | 0.038 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 (15.9–30.6) | 23.2 (18.9–33.5) | 22.4 (13.6–34.7) | 0.100 | 0.039 |
| DM, n | 6 (20.0%) | 2 (6.5%) | 10 (18.5%) | 0.235 | 0.110 |
| PDAC, n | 4 (13.3%) | 4 (12.9%) | 25 (46.3%) | 0.700 | 0.001 |
| Preoperative therapy, n | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (6.5%) | 15 (27.8%) | 0.500 | 0.015 |
| PNI | 48.4 (36.5–61.4) | 50.3 (39.7–60.1) | 47.7 (32.9–58.2) | 0.287 | 0.009 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | |||||
| Operation time, min | 310 (140–607) | 287 (132–754) | 347 (193–593) | 0.954 | 0.258 |
| Blood loss, mL | 189 (0–2018) | 363 (3–3520) | 511 (0–2042) | 0.037 | 0.834 |
| Closure method, n | 0.051 | 0.311 | |||
| Stapler | 15 (50.0%) | 10 (32.3%) | 9 (16.7%) | ||
| Hand-sewn suture | 15 (50.0%) | 21 (67.7%) | 45 (83.3%) | ||
| Laparoscopic surgery, n | 21 (70.0%) | 18 (58.1%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.440 | <0.001 |
| without splenectomy, n | 4 (13.3%) | 8 (25.8%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.289 | 0.023 |
| Simultaneous resection of alimentary tract, n | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.5%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.368 | 0.215 |
| Postoperative blood examination | |||||
| WBC on POD 3, /μL | 11,060 (1,540–18,670) | 13,285 (8,460–23,220) | 12,590 (5,870–25,450) | 0.003 | 0.778 |
| CRP on POD3, mg/dl | 13.34 (5.37–31.98) | 17.76 (8.85–27.40) | 15.17 (2.47–22.84) | 0.004 | 0.352 |
| WBC on POD 6–7, /μL | 7 470 (3,800–11,560) | 9 540 (7,740–14,900) | 9,880 (4,990–14,180) | 0.007 | 0.970 |
| CRP on POD 6–7, mg/dL | 3.04 (0.81–8.05) | 7.29 (0.97–19.03) | 5.81 (1.47–21.25) | 0.009 | 0.901 |
| First CT evaluation of PFCs | |||||
| POD | 6 (2–13) | 6 (3–17) | 6 (2–17) | 0.565 | 0.928 |
| Incidence of PFCs | 17 (56.7%) | 23 (74.2%) | 42 (77.8%) | 0.350 | 0.451 |
| CT value, HU | 19.2 (11.1–36.8) | 17.3 (8.6–26.8) | 16.9 (6.9–33.7) | 0.965 | 0.453 |
| CT volume, mL | 8.7 (0–47.5) | 17.3 (0–82.7) | 23.7 (0–274.5) | 0.195 | 0.390 |
| Clinical outcome | |||||
| Fistula-related readmission, n | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (11.1%) | 1.000 | 0.054 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 14 (7–42) | 17 (9–71) | 41 (7–248) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Overall complications CD ≧ 3a, n | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.2%) | 54 (100%) | 0.319 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as number (percentage), median (range).
POPF: postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL: Biochemical leak, BMI: body mass index, DM: diabetes mellitus, PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PNI: prognostic nutritional index, POD: post operative day, WBC: White blood cell count, CRP: C-reactive protein, PFCs: peripancreatic fluid collections, CT: computed tomography, HU: hounsfield units, CD: Clavien–Dindo classification.