Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression of key health, economic, social, and safety indicators, combined and gender-stratified, weighted.
| Full Sample | Gender Stratified Models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Men | Young Women | |||||
| % | aOR (95% CI) ± | % | aOR (95% CI) ± | % | aOR (95% CI) ± | |
| ECONOMIC | ||||||
| Inability to meet basic needs | ||||||
| Gender—young men | 45.0 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—young women | 53.4 | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) * | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Living status- with parents | 47.4 | ref | 37.8 | ref | 51.0 | ref |
| Living status- independent of parents | 53.0 | 1.21 (0.98, 1.50) | 49.0 | 1.42 (0.93, 2.18) | 58.2 | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) |
| Pre-COVID activity—income generating | 50.8 | ref | 46.0 | ref | 55.1 | ref |
| Pre-COVID activity—not income generating | 48.9 | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | 43.4 | 1.05 (0.74, 1.48) | 51.8 | 1.03 (0.84, 1.28) |
| Economic shock to household-hardship to male | 51.4 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.25) | 45.1 | 1.44 (0.90, 2.31) | 54.2 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.52) |
| Economic shock to household-hardship to female | 50.7 | 1.20 (0.94, 1.53) | 42.4 | 0.92 (0.57, 1.48) | 53.1 | 1.00 (0.76, 1.33) |
| Household SES—lowest tertile | 59.5 | ref | 52.8 | ref | 64.7 | ref |
| Household SES—middle tertile | 50.3 | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) | 44.7 | 0.79 (0.54, 1.17) | 53.9 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) |
| Household SES—highest tertile | 40.4 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) *** | 36.4 | 0.71 (0.51, 1.00) * | 42.9 | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) ** |
| HEALTH | ||||||
| Need for healthcare | ||||||
| Gender-male | 32.2 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender-female | 52.0 | 1.59 (1.30, 1.95) *** | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 28.9 | ref | 24.6 | ref | 33.5 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 45.2 | 1.53 (1.05, 2.23) * | 30.6 | 1.25 (0.71, 2.20) | 56.2 | 1.68 (0.99, 2.84) * |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 46.2 | 1.50 (1.04, 2.16) * | 36.0 | 1.47 (0.84, 2.55) | 52.1 | 1.56 (0.94, 2.59) |
| Healthcare disruptions, among those seeking healthcare | ||||||
| Gender-male | 61.2 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender-female | 64.3 | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | -- | -- | -- | |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 72.6 | ref | 58.4 | ref | 83.7 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 62.1 | 0.83 (0.62, 1.11) | 64.6 | 1.10 (0.66, 1.86) | 61.1 | 0.73 (0.55, 0.97) * |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 63.0 | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) | 59.2 | 1.01 (0.60, 1.71) | 64.6 | 0.77 (0.60, 1.00) * |
| Contraceptive disruption, among contraceptive users at follow-up | ||||||
| Gender-male | 40.4 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender-female | 34.6 | 0.82 (0.61, 1.11) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 28.7 | ref | 21.3 | ref | 40.3 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 36.2 | 1.32 (0.76, 2.29) | 37.7 | 1.77 (0.80, 3.93) | 35.0 | 0.87 (0.42, 1.80) |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 39.5 | 1.46 (0.85, 2.52) | 48.4 | 2.28 (1.06, 4.91) * | 33.6 | 0.83 (0.42, 1.66) |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||
| Gender—male | 21.8 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—female | 24.3 | 1.09 (0.80, 1.49) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very/somewhat | 18.9 | ref | 21.0 | ref | 17.2 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 27.7 | 1.46 (1.08, 1.96) * | 22.9 | 1.09 (0.68, 1.76) | 30.5 | 1.77 (1.20, 2.63) ** |
| SOCIAL | ||||||
| Full decisional control to leave house | ||||||
| Gender—male | 53.2 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—female | 40.0 | 0.91 (0.77, 1.08) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 52.4 | ref | 53.5 | ref | 51.3 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 44.1 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 53.9 | 1.10 (0.81, 1.51) | 36.7 | 0.76 (0.54, 1.08) |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 44.8 | 0.90 (0.70, 1.15) | 52.4 | 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) | 40.4 | 0.79 (0.57, 1.09) |
| Living status- with parents | 32.4 | ref | 35.3 | ref | 31.3 | ref |
| Living status- independent of parents | 60.6 | 1.83 (1.50, 2.22) *** | 63.2 | 1.84 (1.38, 2.44) *** | 57.2 | 1.82 (1.41, 2.34) *** |
| Rare/no private internet access | ||||||
| Gender—male | 26.1 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—female | 34.2 | 1.24 (0.96, 1.62) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 22.6 | ref | 15.9 | ref | 29.8 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 25.1 | 1.05 (0.60, 1.84) | 18.4 | 1.19 (0.56, 2.53) | 30.3 | 0.99 (0.50, 1.96) |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 37.2 | 1.52 (0.89, 2.59) | 36.3 | 2.36 (1.15, 4.84) ** | 37.6 | 1.23 (0.64, 2.37) |
| Job-non-student | 27.4 | ref | 27.2 | ref | 27.6 | ref |
| Job-student | 36.6 | 1.31 (1.02, 1.69) * | 24.0 | 0.84 (0.57, 1.23) | 43.9 | 1.59 (1.16, 2.17) ** |
| SAFETY | ||||||
| Not safe at all in public | ||||||
| Gender—male | 15.7 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—female | 21.4 | 1.39 (0.96, 2.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 18.4 | ref | 15.6 | ref | 21.3 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 14.2 | 0.78 (0.40, 1.51) | 10.1 | 0.68 (0.26, 1.75) | 17.4 | 0.83 (0.33, 2.08) |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 23.0 | 1.21 (0.65, 2.25) | 20.8 | 1.36 (0.60, 3.07) | 24.3 | 1.14 (0.47, 2.74) |
| Living status- with parents | 18.2 | ref | 12.7 | ref | 20.3 | ref |
| Living status- independent of parents | 20.1 | 1.17 (0.83, 1.65) | 17.3 | 1.24 (0.66, 2.31) | 23.7 | 1.14 (0.74, 1.74) |
| Any police interaction | ||||||
| Gender—male | 60.1 | ref | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gender—female | 38.0 | 0.72 (0.60, 0.85) *** | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ability to meet needs-very | 55.3 | ref | 64.1 | ref | 45.9 | ref |
| Ability to meet needs—somewhat | 38.8 | 0.79 (0.63, 1.00) | 50.6 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.10) | 29.9 | 0.69 (0.44, 1.09) |
| Ability to meet needs-unable | 51.6 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) | 67.5 | 1.04 (0.82, 1.31) | 42.4 | 0.94 (0.63, 1.42) |
| Living status- with parents | 34.8 | ref | 41.8 | ref | 32.1 | ref |
| Living status- independent of parents | 61.4 | 1.56 (1.30, 1.86) *** | 70.3 | 1.62 (1.27, 2.08) *** | 49.7 | 1.50 (1.15, 1.94) ** |
GLM models with link log and family binomial, accounting for robust standard error clustering by node and survey design weighting.
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001.
aOR = adjusted odds ratio.
± adjusted models include all covariates presented.