Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Oct 26;11:756854. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.756854

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Kathamuthu, Kumar, Moideen, Menon and Babu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

LTB (DM and PDM) coinfection is associated with increased antigen-specific supernatant levels of (A) IFNγ, (B) TNFα, and (C) IL-17A cytokines. PBMCs were cultured with no antigen (UNS), stimulated with Mtb (PPD, WCL), and positive (P/I) control antigens for 18 h in LTB NDM (n = 20), LTB PDM (n = 20), and LTB DM (n = 20) individuals. We measured the net cytokine levels by subtracting the antigen-induced cytokine or cytotoxic and immune markers from their baseline levels for each individual. Geometric mean values were represented using bars, and every circle denotes a single individual. p values were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test.