Table B.

Descriptive Statistics

Variables:		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
		Old respondents (65–74 years)				Young respondents (25–34 years)
		Control	Treamet A	Treamet B	Treamet C	Control	Treamet A	Treamet B	Treamet C
			Comparison	Influence-gain	Influence-loss		Comparison	Influence-gain	Influence-loss
	Number of observations =	199	200	200	199	200	199	199	199
Age	Mean	68.95	69.22	69.33	68.95	29.97	30.19	30.40	30.39
	S.D.	2.79	2.72	2.81	2.82	2.67	2.75	2.68	2.89
Female (dummy)	Mean	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
	S.D.	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Married (dummy)	Mean	0.82	0.80	0.84	0.80	0.37	0.40	0.40	0.41
	S.D.	0.38	0.40	0.37	0.40	0.48	0.49	0.49	0.49
Divorce/Bereavement (dummy)	Mean	0.13	0.15	0.09	0.14	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01
	S.D.	0.33	0.36	0.29	0.34	0.12	0.12	0.10	0.07
Number of family members living together	Mean	2.45	2.52	2.52	2.52	3.11	2.98	3.02	2.92
	S.D.	1.08	1.17	1.02	0.94	1.53	1.28	1.45	1.42
Family members living together aged 65 or older (dummy)	Mean	0.69	0.72	0.71	0.69	0.21	0.13	0.18	0.16
	S.D.	0.46	0.45	0.46	0.46	0.40	0.34	0.39	0.37
Educational years	Mean	14.14	14.17	14.20	14.07	14.67	14.79	14.86	14.77
	S.D.	2.10	2.07	1.99	2.02	2.05	1.87	2.16	2.21
Annual household income (Unit: 10 thousand yen)	Mean	539.95	541.25	523.50	528.64	593.00	597.74	543.22	563.07
	S.D.	373.05	381.40	340.89	354.39	350.52	297.69	288.14	326.61
No income information (dummy)	Mean	0.22	0.20	0.14	0.17	0.22	0.18	0.14	0.20
	S.D.	0.42	0.40	0.34	0.38	0.41	0.38	0.35	0.40

Notes: (1) Some participants did not answered annual household income. We imputed the average amout of the income for such respondents while considering that they did not answer it by using the variable of no income information. (2) The distributions of age, gender, marital status, family structure, years of education, and annual household income are almost balanced, while our estimations directly control for the influence of these variables, since the proportion of young respondents living together aged 65 or older is lower in Treatment A than in Control and that of old and young respondents not answering income information is lower in Treatment B than in Control. (3) We set a question to ascertain whether or not respondents skip over our descriptions. We displayed a caution message to those who were found to skip over them, while empirically controlling for them.