Table 3.
Summary of symptoms and objective sleep by time point.
| Variable | Time 1 (N = 11) mean ± SD | Time 2 (N = 11) mean ± SD | Time 2–Time 1 (N = 11) mean ± SD | p value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | ||||
| CES-D | 17.27 ± 11.42 | 12.00 ± 8.51 | −5.27 ± 5.92 | 0.01 (0.03) |
| Neuro-QOL depression SF | 14.09 ± 7.73 | 10.82 ± 3.57 | −3.27 ± 6.33 | 0.12 (0.11) |
|
| ||||
| Anxiety | ||||
| GAD-7 | 5.45 ± 4.78 | 3.27 ± 4.29 | −2.18 ± 2.40 | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Neuro-QOL anxiety SF | 14.55 ± 6.89 | 10.45 ± 4.01 | −4.09 ± 4.68 | 0.02 (0.02) |
|
| ||||
| Stress | ||||
| PSS | 14.27 ± 7.55 | 9.64 ± 7.90 | −4.64 ± 4.76 | 0.01 (0.01) |
|
| ||||
| Objective sleep# | Time 1 (N = 10) | Time 2 (N = 9) | Time 2–Time 1 (N = 9) | |
| Efficiency | 93.67 ± 1.89 | 95.35 ± 2.38 | 1.81 ± 1.76 | 0.01 (0.02) |
| TST | 8.87 ± 2.08 | 9.26 ± 2.36 | 0.52 ± 2.73 | 0.58 (0.65) |
| WASO | 29.48 ± 8.58 | 21.00 ± 8.12 | −9.34 ± 11.58 | 0.04 (0.04) |
| Number of awakenings | 9.12 ± 3.91 | 6.94 ± 2.91 | −2.55 ± 3.41 | 0.06 (0.05) |
| Length of awake time (minutes) | 29.48 ± 8.58 | 21.00 ± 8.12 | −9.34 ± 11.58 | 0.04 (0.04) |
∗ Derived from paired t-test (signed-rank test), #derived from actigraph using the Cole–Kripke analysis method [83]. CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; SF = Short Form; Bold shows statistically significant p-value, derived from paired t-test (signed-rank test). sleep efficiency = total sleep time/time in bed × 100; TST = total sleep time; WASO = wake after sleep onset; time 1 = preintervention; time 2 = postintervention.